The maintenance of biodiversity and the capacity of natural systems to provide goods and services for people is affected on different levels by the intensity of human activities on ecosystems. In this study, we apply a Legacy-adjusted Human Footprint Index (LHFI) to evaluate the spatiotemporal variation of anthropic impact in Colombia in 1970, 1990, 2000 and 2015. We identified hotspots of change in LHFI and we evaluated the intensity of anthropic pressures in natural regions and ecosystems. We found that LHFI in Colombia increased between 1970 and 2015. The Andean and Caribbean regions presented the highest levels of anthropic impact, remaining stable over time. Hotspots of change were mainly located in the following regions: Andean (Antioquia, Cauca and Valle del Cauca states), Amazon (Amazonas, parts of Meta, Guaviare and Putumayo states) and Orinoco (Casanare and parts of Meta and Vichada states). In addition, ecosystems that under the IUCN ecosystem risk categories are Critically Endangered (CR) and Vulnerable (VU) were the most affected by a high level of human impact. Spatiotemporal evaluation of the human footprint in Colombia provides new insights about trends in human pressures on ecosystems and constitutes an analytical tool with high potential for harmonizing land use planning and biodiversity conservation.

人类对生态系统活动的强度在不同程度上影响了生物多样性的维护以及自然系统为人类提供商品和服务的能力。在这项研究中，我们应用传统调整后的人类足迹指数（LHFI）来评估1970、1990、2000和2015年哥伦比亚人类活动影响的时空变化。我们确定了LHFI变化的热点，并评估了人类压力的强度在自然区域和生态系统中。我们发现，1970年至2015年间，哥伦比亚的LHFI有所增加。安第斯和加勒比海地区对人类的影响最大，并且随着时间的推移保持稳定。变化的热点主要位于以下地区：安第斯山脉（安蒂奥基亚，卡卡省和瓦莱德尔考卡州），亚马逊（亚马逊州，Meta的一部分，Guaviare和Putumayo州）和Orinoco（Casanare以及Meta和Vichada州的部分地区）。此外，IUCN生态系统风险类别下的生态系统受到高度人类影响的程度最大，而这些生态系统属于极度濒危（CR）和脆弱（VU）。哥伦比亚对人类足迹的时空评估提供了有关人类对生态系统压力趋势的新见解，并构成了在协调土地利用规划和生物多样性保护方面具有很高潜力的分析工具。