Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become a global health pandemic. The lack of effective treatments, coupled with its etiology, has resulted in more than 400,000 deaths at the time of writing. The SARS-CoV-2 genome is highly homologous to that of SARS-CoV, the causative agent behind the 2003 SARS outbreak. Based on prior reports, clinicians have pursued the off-label use of several antiviral drugs, while the scientific community has responded by seeking agents against traditional targets, especially viral proteases. However, several avenues remain unexplored, including disrupting E and M protein oligomerization, outcompeting host glycan–virus interactions, interfering with the heparan sulfate proteoglycans–virus interaction, and others. In this review, we highlight some of these opportunities while summarizing the drugs currently in use against coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 已迅速成为全球健康流行病。在撰写本文时，缺乏有效的治疗方法及其病因已导致超过 400,000 人死亡。SARS-CoV-2 基因组与 2003 年 SARS 爆发背后的病原体 SARS-CoV 高度同源。根据先前的报告，临床医生已经在寻求超说明书使用几种抗病毒药物，而科学界则通过寻找针对传统靶标的药物，特别是病毒蛋白酶来做出回应。然而，一些途径仍未探索，包括破坏 E 和 M 蛋白寡聚化、竞争宿主聚糖-病毒相互作用、干扰硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖-病毒相互作用等。在本次审查中，