Abstract Among wood diseases, esca complex has increased over the last decades around Europe, and there are no chemical solutions that can limit its spread in vineyards. During a 7-year trial in 3 vineyards, half of the surface was sprayed every season with a solution of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma gamsii at the phenological stage of bleeding, and half of the vineyard remained untreated. During August and September every year, the fate of esca symptoms on the single vines was monitored, distinguishing light, medium-to-severe leaf tiger stripe symptoms, and acute symptoms, including apoplexy. During the 7-year period, the vines affected by esca (all symptoms) increased over time in both the control and the sprayed treatments. Among the symptoms, Trichoderma was demonstrated to reduce the impact of both light tiger-stripe symptoms and apoplexy, while no significant differences were shown in the medium-to-severe symptoms A 22% reduction in the incidence of infected vines was ascertained after seven years of Trichoderma application. Regarding meteorological conditions, a significant positive correlation was found between the amount of rain in May and the occurrence of Esca in the field at the end of the season.

中文翻译：

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Trichoderma asperellum和Trichoderma gamsii对意大利东北部不同葡萄园的esca预防的长期作用

摘要 在木材病害中，esca 复合物在过去几十年中在欧洲有所增加，并且没有任何化学溶液可以限制其在葡萄园中的传播。在 3 个葡萄园进行的为期 7 年的试验中，每个季节在流血物候阶段用曲霉和木霉的溶液喷洒一半的表面，而一半的葡萄园仍然未经处理。每年 8 月和 9 月，监测单株葡萄藤上esca 症状的命运，区分轻度、中度至重度的叶虎纹症状和急性症状，包括中风。在 7 年期间，受 esca（所有症状）影响的葡萄藤在对照和喷洒处理中均随时间增加。在这些症状中，木霉被证明可以减少轻微的虎纹症状和中风的影响，而在中度到重度症状中没有显示出显着差异 木霉应用七年后确定感染葡萄藤的发生率降低了 22%。从气象条件看，5月降雨量与季末田间埃斯卡发生呈显着正相关。