A hybrid wastewater treatment process with combined attached biofilm (moving bed biofilm reactor) and activated sludge, named as Hybas™, was implemented for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The system consisted of six staged reactors in series including pre-denitrification and nitrification in the Hybas™ line and post-denitrification in a pure MBBR. In addition to the significant removal of nutrients and organic matter from municipal wastewater, Hybas™ also showed removal capacity for pharmaceuticals. Of particular interest was the enhanced removal for pharmaceuticals (i.e. X-ray contrast media) compared to other biological systems. Spiking experiments showed that the maximum removal rate constants (k, h⁻¹) for 10 out of the 21 investigated pharmaceuticals (including diclofenac) were observed to occur within the two aerobic Hybas ™ reactors, operated in a flow-shifting mode that allows even biofilm growth of nitrifying bacteria. In total, 14 out of the 21 pharmaceuticals were removed by more than 50% during continuous flow operation in the all Hybas™ line and post-denitrification MBBR. The calculated and estimated removal contributions of pharmaceuticals by each individual reactor were also assessed.

实施了一种结合了生物膜（移动床生物膜反应器）和活性污泥的混合废水处理工艺，名为Hybas™，用于处理市政废水。该系统由六个串联的分级反应器组成，包括在Hybas™系列中进行预脱硝和硝化，以及在纯MBBR中进行后脱氮。除从市政废水中大量去除营养物和有机物外，Hybas™还显示出对药物的去除能力。特别令人感兴趣的是与其他生物系统相比，增强了对药物（即X射线造影剂）的去除率。加标实验表明最大去除速率常数（k，h ^-1）中观察到的21种药物中，有10种（包括双氯芬酸）出现在两个需氧的Hybas™反应器中，该反应器以变流模式运行，甚至可使硝化细菌的生物膜生长。在所有Hybas™生产线和反硝化后MBBR的连续流操作过程中，总共21种药物中的14种去除了50％以上。还评估了每个单独反应器的药物去除量的计算和估计贡献。