Abstract This study investigates the spatiotemporal relationships between growing season precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature anomalies on yield for corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), cotton (Gossypium), peanut (arachis hypogaea), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) crops in the southeastern United States (SEUS). Detrended county-level yield data (1981–2018) were analyzed alongside spatially derived growing season (May-Oct) climate anomalies. Results reveal that the relationships between climate anomalies and crop yield differ considerably across the SEUS based on the crop type and timing of meteorological extremes. Aligning with previous findings, surface crops in the region suffer considerable declines as a result of higher than normal maximum temperatures during the growing season, with the most significant losses occurring during the months of July and August when daytime temperatures frequently exceed ideal growing conditions. While the association is weaker, higher than normal minimum temperatures during critical crop development stages were also found to lead to significant declines in crop productivity. Notably, although drought conditions result in negative departures from expected yield, the findings of this study highlight that excess moisture in the latter part of the growing season (Sep-Oct) can be equally damaging for certain regional crops, including peanuts and sweet potatoes. The results of this study underscore the need for further research on the impact of climatic variability on regional and specialty crops in the era of anthropogenic climate change.

中文翻译：

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美国东南部生长季气温和降水异常对作物产量的影响

摘要 本研究调查了玉米 (Zea mays)、大豆 (Glycine max)、棉花 (Gossypium)、花生 (arachis hypogaea) 和甘薯 (Ipomoea) 产量的生长季降水、最高温度和最低温度异常之间的时空关系。 batatas) 作物在美国东南部 (SEUS)。分析了去趋势的县级产量数据（1981-2018）以及空间衍生的生长季节（5 月至 10 月）气候异常。结果表明，根据作物类型和气象极端事件的时间，气候异常与作物产量之间的关系在整个 SEUS 中存在很大差异。与之前的调查结果一致，由于生长季节的最高气温高于正常水平，该地区的地表作物产量大幅下降，最显着的损失发生在 7 月和 8 月，因为白天的温度经常超过理想的生长条件。虽然这种关联较弱，但也发现在关键作物发育阶段高于正常最低温度会导致作物生产力显着下降。值得注意的是，尽管干旱条件导致与预期产量的负背离，但本研究的结果强调，生长季节后期（9 月至 10 月）的过多水分可能对某些区域作物（包括花生和红薯）造成同样的损害。这项研究的结果强调需要进一步研究气候变异对人为气候变化时代区域和特色作物的影响。