Abstract — Blood plasma lipidome analysis is a mass spectrometric (MS) evaluation of molecular types of lipids, sometimes in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Its importance is increasing in studies aimed at identifying new informative biomarkers of diseases. The review summarizes the studies of the application of this approach to preeclampsia (PE), which is a not so rare (nearly 5%) pregnancy abnormality that often results in maternal and fetal mortality. The absence of both timely detectable biomarkers and a clear understanding of its pathogenesis determines the active research in this area. The results of lipidomic studies of PE patients, in which the differences in the levels of individual molecular types of lipids were detected, are presented here. Various studies have described the increased levels of various lipids in PE plasma: a few ceramides types and several individual phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerols, oxidized phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine with C14:0). Two independent studies of PE plasma have shown an increase in phosphatidylserine and diglycerides, as well as sphingosine phosphate. Differences in the dynamics of change of sphingomyeline level are reported, particularly with C16:0 that was decreased in the first pregnancy trimester and subsequently increased in PE patients only. The development of standard conditions for MS analysis, such as sample preparation, ionization conditions, and ion detection modes, will, in combination with other metabolomics approaches, provide additional information on the PE pathogenesis, and probably identify new informative biomarkers.

中文翻译：

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血浆脂质组：先兆子痫早期诊断的机会

摘要 — 血浆脂质组分析是对脂质分子类型的质谱 (MS) 评估，有时与高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 结合使用。它在旨在识别疾病的新信息生物标志物的研究中越来越重要。该综述总结了将这种方法应用于先兆子痫 (PE) 的研究，这是一种并不罕见（接近 5%）的妊娠异常，通常会导致母婴死亡。缺乏及时可检测的生物标志物和对其发病机制的清楚了解决定了该领域的积极研究。此处介绍了 PE 患者脂质组学研究的结果，其中检测到各个分子类型脂质水平的差异。各种研究已经描述了 PE 血浆中各种脂质水平的增加：一些神经酰胺类型和几种单独的磷脂（磷脂酰甘油、氧化磷脂酰胆碱、C14:0 溶血磷脂酰胆碱）。两项对 PE 血浆的独立研究表明，磷脂酰丝氨酸和甘油二酯以及磷酸鞘氨醇有所增加。报告了鞘磷脂水平变化动态的差异，特别是 C16:0 在妊娠头三个月下降，随后仅在 PE 患者中增加。MS 分析标准条件的开发，例如样品制备、电离条件和离子检测模式，将与其他代谢组学方法相结合，提供有关 PE 发病机制的更多信息，