To achieve quick response in the disaster, this paper addresses the issue of ambulance location and allocation, as well as the location problem of temporary medical centers. Considering budget and capacity limitations, a multi-period mixed integer programming model is proposed and two hybrid heuristic algorithms are designed to solve this complex problem. The proposed model and algorithm are further verified in a real case study, and the numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model. Specifically, we obtain several findings based on the computational results: (1) The best locations of ambulance stations should change in each period because the demand rate changes over time. (2) Involving temporary medical centers is necessary to reduce the average waiting time of injured people. (3) It may not be optimal to allocate ambulances from the nearest ambulance stations because of potentially limited station capacity.

为了在灾难中快速响应，本文讨论了救护车的位置和分配问题以及临时医疗中心的位置问题。考虑到预算和容量限制，提出了一种多周期混合整数规划模型，并设计了两种混合启发式算法来解决这一复杂问题。所提出的模型和算法在实际案例中得到了进一步验证，数值实验证明了所提出模型的有效性。具体而言，我们根据计算结果获得了一些发现：（1）由于需求率随时间变化，因此在每个时期中，救护站的最佳位置应有所变化。（2）必须让临时医疗中心参与进来，以减少受伤人员的平均等待时间。