Consumption of fruit and vegetable is a key component of a healthy and sustainable diet. However, their accurate dietary assessment remains a challenge. Due to errors in self-reporting methods, the available dietary information is usually biased. Biomarkers of intake constitute objective tools to better reflect the usual or recent consumption of different foods, including fruits and vegetables. Partners of The Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBall) Project have undertaken the task of reviewing the available literature on putative biomarkers of tropical fruit intake. The identified candidate biomarkers were subject to validation evaluation using eight biological and chemical criteria. This publication presents the current knowledge on intake biomarkers for 17 tropical fruits including banana, mango, and avocado as the most widely consumed ones. Candidate biomarkers were found only for banana, avocado, and watermelon. An array of banana-derived metabolites has been reported in human biofluids, among which 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid, dopamine sulfate, methoxyeugenol glucuronide, salsolinol sulfate, 6-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-sulfate, and other catecholamine metabolites. Their validation is still at an early stage, with insufficient data on dose-response relationship. Perseitol and mannoheptulose have recently been reported as candidate biomarkers for avocado intake, while the amino acid citrulline has been associated with watermelon intake. Additionally, the examination of food composition data revealed some highly specific phytochemicals, which metabolites after absorption may be further studied as putative BFI for one or several tropical fruits. To make the field move forward, untargeted metabolomics, as a data-driven explorative approach, will have to be applied in both intervention and observational studies to discover putative BFIs, while their full validation and the establishment of dose-response calibration curves will require quantification methods at a later stage.

中文翻译：

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热带水果摄入量的生物标志物。

食用水果和蔬菜是健康和可持续饮食的关键组成部分。然而，他们准确的饮食评估仍然是一个挑战。由于自我报告方法的错误，可用的饮食信息通常带有偏差。摄入量的生物标志物是客观的工具，可以更好地反映出水果或蔬菜等不同食物的平时或近期消费。食品生物标志物联盟（FoodBall）项目的合作伙伴承担了审查有关热带水果摄入的假定生物标志物的现有文献的任务。使用八种生物和化学标准对鉴定出的候选生物标志物进行验证评估。该出版物介绍了17种热带水果的摄入生物标志物的最新知识，包括香蕉，芒果和鳄梨，它们是最广泛使用的水果。仅针对香蕉，鳄梨和西瓜发现了候选生物标记。已报道了人类生物流体中一系列香蕉衍生的代谢物，其中包括5-羟基吲哚乙酸，多巴胺硫酸盐，甲氧基丁香酚葡萄糖醛酸苷，硫酸盐丹参酚，6-羟基-1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢- β-咔啉硫酸盐和其他儿茶酚胺代谢产物。他们的验证仍处于早期阶段，有关剂量反应关系的数据不足。最近报道了将Perseitol和甘露庚糖作为鳄梨摄入的候选生物标志物，而氨基酸瓜氨酸与西瓜的摄入有关。此外，对食品成分数据的检查还发现了一些高度特异性的植物化学物质，吸收后的代谢产物可能被作为一种或几种热带水果的假定BFI进行进一步研究。