This is the first study to document the training and tapering practices of elite CrossFit athletes. Seventy-two CrossFit athletes (39 females, 33 males) (mean ±SD; 26.5 ± 3.6 y, 167.1 ± 9.5 cm, 74.5 ± 12.7 kg, 12.8 ± 6.5 y general training, 5.4 ± 1.7 y CrossFit training) who competed at the “Regionals” level or higher in the 2018 CrossFit Games season completed a self-reported 5-page online survey. Almost all athletes (98.6%) tapered before important competitions. Taper length was 5.4 ± 2.7 days, with the step and linear tapering styles being most commonly utilised. Strength training volume peaked 5.1 ± 4.6 weeks before competition, whereas conditioning training volume peaked 4.0 ± 4.4 weeks before competition. Strength training intensity peaked 3.1 ± 2.4 weeks before competition, whereas conditioning training intensity peaked 2.8 ± 2.2 weeks before competition. Almost all athletes (90.0%) reduced training duration during tapering, but changes to frequency and intensity were mixed. Training volume decreased by 41.2 ± 15.5% during the taper, all training ceased 2.0 ± 1.1 days before competition. Tapering was performed to achieve peak performance, recover (physically and psychologically), and reduce feelings of fatigue. Poor results from tapering were experienced when athletes tapered for too long or insufficiently. This observational data may be valuable for coaches and athletes engaged in CrossFit as well as other sports with concurrent training and competition demands.

中文翻译：

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精英 CrossFit 运动员的锥形练习

这是第一项记录精英 CrossFit 运动员训练和逐渐减量练习的研究。72 名 CrossFit 运动员（39 名女性，33 名男性）（平均值 ±SD；26.5 ± 3.6 岁，167.1 ± 9.5 厘米，74.5 ± 12.7 公斤，12.8 ± 6.5 岁一般训练，5.4 ± 1.7 岁参加训练的 CrossFit） 2018 年 CrossFit Games 赛季的“区域”级别或更高级别完成了自我报告的 5 页在线调查。几乎所有运动员 (98.6%) 在重要比赛前都逐渐减少。锥度长度为 5.4 ± 2.7 天，最常用的是阶梯和线性锥度样式。力量训练量在比赛前 5.1 ± 4.6 周达到峰值，而体能训练量在比赛前 4.0 ± 4.4 周达到峰值。力量训练强度在比赛前 3.1 ± 2.4 周达到峰值，而条件反射训练强度达到峰值 2.8 ± 2。比赛前2周。几乎所有运动员 (90.0%) 在减量期间都减少了训练持续时间，但频率和强度的变化是混合的。训练量减少 41.2±15.5%，所有训练在比赛前 2.0±1.1 天停止。逐渐减量是为了达到最佳表现，恢复（身体和心理），并减少疲劳感。当运动员减量时间过长或减量不足时，减量效果不佳。这些观察数据对于从事 CrossFit 以及其他同时具有训练和比赛需求的运动的教练和运动员来说可能很有价值。所有训练在比赛前 2.0 ± 1.1 天停止。逐渐减量是为了达到最佳表现，恢复（身体和心理），并减少疲劳感。当运动员减量时间过长或减量不足时，减量效果不佳。这些观察数据对于从事 CrossFit 以及其他同时具有训练和比赛需求的运动的教练和运动员来说可能很有价值。所有训练在比赛前 2.0 ± 1.1 天停止。逐渐减量是为了达到最佳表现，恢复（身体和心理），并减少疲劳感。当运动员减量时间过长或减量不足时，减量效果不佳。这些观察数据对于从事 CrossFit 以及其他同时具有训练和比赛需求的运动的教练和运动员来说可能很有价值。