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Host Species Determines Symbiotic Community Composition in Antarctic Sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae)
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00474
Oriol Sacristán-Soriano , Natalia Pérez Criado , Conxita Avila

The microbiota of four Antarctic sponges, Dendrilla antarctica, Sphaerotylus antarcticus, Mycale acerata, and Hemigellius pilosus, collected at two South Shetland Islands and at two locations in the Antarctic Peninsula separated by ca. 670 km, were analyzed together with surrounding seawater. We used high throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene common to Bacteria and Archaea to investigate the prokaryotic diversity and community composition. Our study reveals that sponge-associated prokaryote communities are consistently detected within a particular sponge species regardless of the collection site. Their community structure and composition are typical of low microbial abundance (LMA) sponges. We conclude that prokaryote communities from Antarctic sponges are less diverse and differ in their composition compared to those in the water column. Microbiome analysis indicates that Antarctic sponges harbor a strict core consisting of seven OTUs, and a small variable community comprising several tens of OTUs. Two abundant prokaryotes from the variable microbiota that are affiliated to the archaeal and bacterial phyla Thaumarchaeota and Nitrospirae may be involved in the sponge nitrification process and might be relevant components of the nitrogen cycling in Antarctica. The likely generalist nature of dominant microbes and the host-specific structure of symbiont communities suggest that these Antarctic sponges represent different ecological niches for particular prokaryotic enrichments.

中文翻译:

寄主物种决定南极海绵中的共生群落组成(Porifera:Demospongiae)

四种南极海绵的微生物群,Dendrilla antarctica、Sphaerotylus antarcticus、Mycale acerata 和 Hemigelius pilosus,收集在两个南设得兰群岛和南极半岛相隔约 670 公里,与周围的海水一起进行了分析。我们使用细菌和古细菌共有的 16S rRNA 基因的 V4 区域的高通量测序来研究原核生物多样性和群落组成。我们的研究表明,无论收集地点如何,在特定海绵物种中始终检测到与海绵相关的原核生物群落。它们的群落结构和组成是典型的低微生物丰度 (LMA) 海绵。我们得出的结论是,与水体中的原核生物群落相比,来自南极海绵的原核生物群落多样性较少,组成也有所不同。微生物组分析表明,南极海绵拥有一个由 7 个 OTU 组成的严格核心,以及一个由数十个 OTU 组成的小型可变群落。隶属于古菌门和细菌门 Thaumarchaeota 和 Nitrospirae 的可变微生物群中的两种丰富的原核生物可能参与海绵硝化过程,并且可能是南极洲氮循环的相关组成部分。优势微生物可能的通才性质和共生群落的宿主特定结构表明,这些南极海绵代表了特定原核生物富集的不同生态位。微生物组分析表明,南极海绵拥有一个由 7 个 OTU 组成的严格核心,以及一个由数十个 OTU 组成的小型可变群落。来自古细菌和细菌门 Thaumarchaeota 和 Nitrospirae 的可变微生物群中的两种丰富的原核生物可能参与海绵硝化过程,并且可能是南极洲氮循环的相关组成部分。优势微生物可能的通才性质和共生群落的宿主特定结构表明,这些南极海绵代表了特定原核生物富集的不同生态位。微生物组分析表明,南极海绵拥有一个由 7 个 OTU 组成的严格核心,以及一个由数十个 OTU 组成的小型可变群落。来自古细菌和细菌门 Thaumarchaeota 和 Nitrospirae 的可变微生物群中的两种丰富的原核生物可能参与海绵硝化过程,并且可能是南极洲氮循环的相关组成部分。优势微生物可能的通才性质和共生群落的宿主特定结构表明,这些南极海绵代表了特定原核生物富集的不同生态位。来自古细菌和细菌门 Thaumarchaeota 和 Nitrospirae 的可变微生物群中的两种丰富的原核生物可能参与海绵硝化过程,并且可能是南极洲氮循环的相关组成部分。优势微生物可能的通才性质和共生群落的宿主特定结构表明,这些南极海绵代表了特定原核生物富集的不同生态位。来自古细菌和细菌门 Thaumarchaeota 和 Nitrospirae 的可变微生物群中的两种丰富的原核生物可能参与海绵硝化过程,并且可能是南极洲氮循环的相关组成部分。优势微生物可能的通才性质和共生群落的宿主特定结构表明,这些南极海绵代表了特定原核生物富集的不同生态位。
更新日期:2020-06-19
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