The reproductive neuroendocrine axis, or hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, is a paragon of complex biological system involving numerous cell types, spread over several anatomical levels communicating through entangled endocrine feedback loops. The HPG axis exhibits remarkable dynamic behaviors on multiple time and space scales, which are an inexhaustible source of studies for mathematical and computational biology. In this review, we will describe a variety of modeling approaches of the HPG axis from a cellular endocrinology viewpoint. We will in particular investigate the questions raised by some of the most striking features of the HPG axis: (i) the pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, and its counterpart, the cell signaling induced by frequency-encoded hormonal signals, and (ii) the dual, gametogenic and glandular function of the gonads, which relies on the tight control of the somatic cell populations ensuring the proper maturation and timely release of the germ cells.

生殖神经内分泌轴或下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴是复杂的生物系统的典范，涉及许多细胞类型，分布在通过纠缠的内分泌反馈环进行通信的几个解剖学水平上。HPG轴在多个时空尺度上表现出显着的动力学行为，这是数学和计算生物学研究的不竭动力。在这篇综述中，我们将从细胞内分泌学的角度描述HPG轴的各种建模方法。我们将特别研究HPG轴一些最显着特征提出的问题：（i）下丘脑和垂体激素的搏动性分泌物及其对应物，由频率编码的激素信号诱导的细胞信号传导，以及（ii ）对偶