Abstract Populations of saproxylic organisms, i.e. species that are dependent on dead or decaying wood, in urban ecosystems are limited because dead wood is regularly removed for safety and aesthetic reasons. However, depending on management policies and property ownership, a small amount of dead wood debris may be occasionally left in situ during maintenance work. As a result, some wooded habitat patches within an urban matrix might host such organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of three principal habitat types (municipal greenery, private gardens and forest remnants) for woodpecker species richness and abundance in an urban ecosystem and to distinguish the role of dead wood forms available therein (fallen logs, snags and dead tree branches). The breeding assemblage of woodpeckers together with dead wood resources were surveyed in the city of Krakow (southern Poland). Eight woodpecker species were recorded within the urban matrix and 75% of the sample plots were occupied by at least one species. The occurrence of five of the species was positively related to forest remnants or private gardens, whereas the occurrence of three species exhibited no clear relationship with the availability of a specific greenery type. Woodpecker species richness was correlated with the availability of snags in forest remnants and dead tree branches in private gardens, while woodpecker abundance was correlated with the availability of snags and dead tree branches in forest remnants, and dead tree branches and large old trees in private gardens. In conclusion, private gardens and forest remnants are important habitats for woodpeckers in an urban matrix. Dead tree branches, snags and large old trees may constitute an important habitat component for saproxylic organisms in an urban ecosystem and may help to sustain biodiversity in urban areas. An understanding of the habitat requirements of dead-wood dependent species within an urban landscape could be useful in the conservation of local populations of such organisms, for which the preservation of dead wood resources should be included in urban landscape planning and green space management.

中文翻译：

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城市森林和私人花园中枯死的树枝是城市矩阵中啄木鸟的关键栖息地

摘要 城市生态系统中腐木生物（即依赖枯死或腐烂的木材的物种）数量有限，因为出于安全和美观的原因定期清除枯木。然而，根据管理政策和财产所有权，在维护工作期间可能偶尔会在原地留下少量死木碎片。因此，城市矩阵内的一些树木繁茂的栖息地斑块可能会容纳此类生物。本研究旨在评估三种主要栖息地类型（市政绿化、私人花园和森林遗迹）对城市生态系统中啄木鸟物种丰富度和丰度的重要性，并区分其中可用的死木形式（落木、断枝和死木）的作用。树枝）。在克拉科夫市（波兰南部）调查了啄木鸟的繁殖组合和枯木资源。城市矩阵内记录了八种啄木鸟物种，75% 的样地被至少一种物种占据。其中五个物种的出现与森林残余或私人花园呈正相关，而三个物种的出现与特定绿化类型的可用性没有明显关系。啄木鸟物种丰富度与私家花园中的残枝和枯树枝的可用性相关，而啄木鸟丰度与私家花园中残存的残枝和枯树枝的可用性相关。 . 综上所述，私人花园和森林遗迹是城市矩阵中啄木鸟的重要栖息地。枯树枝、断枝和大老树可能构成城市生态系统中腐生生物的重要栖息地组成部分，并可能有助于维持城市地区的生物多样性。了解城市景观中依赖死木的物种的栖息地要求可能有助于保护当地此类生物的种群，为此应将死木资源的保护纳入城市景观规划和绿地管理。