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Heat load increases the risk of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle.
Journal of Dairy Science ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 , DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17748
A Vitali 1 , A Felici 2 , A M Lees 3 , G Giacinti 4 , C Maresca 2 , U Bernabucci 1 , J B Gaughan 5 , A Nardone 1 , N Lacetera 1
Affiliation  

The study was aimed at assessing heat load–related risk of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows. Records of CM for the years 2014 and 2015 were obtained from a large conventional dairy farm milking about 1,200 Holstein cows in central Italy. A case of CM was defined by the presence of clinical signs and veterinary confirmation. Quarter milk samples were collected and bacteriological investigated for each CM. Etiological agents were identified and classified as environmental or contagious pathogens. Hourly weather data from the nearest weather station were used to calculate heat load index (HLI). Upper and lower thresholds of HLI, at which the animal accumulates or dissipates heat, were settled and used to measure heat load balance through the accumulated heat load (AHL) model. Zero and positive values of AHL indicate periods of thermo-neutral and heat accumulation, respectively. Each case of CM was associated with HLI-AHL values recorded 5 d before the event. The risk of CM was evaluated using a case-crossover design. A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of CM recorded in thermo-neutral (AHL = 0) or heat load (AHL > 0) days, pooled or stratified for pathogen type (environmental or contagious). Classes of AHL as low (<6.5), medium (6.6–34.9), and high (>35) were included in the model. Other variables included in the model were milk yield as liters (<20, 20–30, and >30), days in milk (<60, 60–150, and >150), and parity (1, 2–3, and >3). A total of 1,086 CM cases were identified from 677 cows. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., and Streptococcus uberis were the environmental pathogens isolated with the highest frequency; Staphylococcus aureus prevailed within contagious species. The analysis of pooled data indicated a significant effect of heat load on the occurrence of CM in the contagious pathogen stratum. Higher milk yield, middle and late stage of lactation, and older parity increased the risk of CM under heat load conditions. However, the association between pathogen type and these factors was not clear because the model provided significant odds ratios within all pathogen categories. The present study provided the first evidence of an association between HLI and CM in dairy cattle and suggested the ability of the AHL model to assess the risk of mastitis associated with heat load.



中文翻译:

热负荷增加了奶牛发生临床乳腺炎的风险。

这项研究旨在评估奶牛热负荷相关的临床乳腺炎(CM)风险。2014年和2015年的CM记录来自意大利中部一家大型常规奶牛场,挤奶了约1,200头荷斯坦奶牛。通过临床症状和兽医确认定义为CM。收集四分之一的牛奶样品,并对每个CM进行细菌学调查。病原体被鉴定为环境或传染性病原体。来自最近气象站的每小时天气数据用于计算热负荷指数(HLI)。确定动物蓄积或消散热量的HLI的上限和下限,并通过累积热负荷​​(AHL)模型来测量热负荷平衡。AHL的零值和正值分别表示热中性和蓄热周期。每例CM与事件前5天记录的HLI-AHL值相关。使用病例交叉设计评估了CM的风险。使用条件逻辑回归模型计算在热中性(AHL = 0)或热负荷(AHL> 0)天中记录的CM的比值比和95%置信区间,针对病原体类型(环境或传染性)汇总或分层。该模型包括低(<6.5),中(6.6-34.9)和高(> 35)AHL类别。该模型中包括的其他变量包括:牛奶产量(升)(<20、20–30和> 30),牛奶天数(<60、60–150和> 150)和胎次(1、2–3和> 3)。从677头奶牛中总共鉴定出了1086例CM。每例CM与事件前5天记录的HLI-AHL值相关。使用病例交叉设计评估了CM的风险。使用条件逻辑回归模型计算在热中性(AHL = 0)或热负荷(AHL> 0)天中记录的CM的比值比和95%置信区间,针对病原体类型(环境或传染性)汇总或分层。该模型包括低(<6.5),中(6.6-34.9)和高(> 35)AHL类别。该模型中包括的其他变量包括:牛奶产量(升)(<20、20–30和> 30),牛奶天数(<60、60–150和> 150)和胎次(1、2–3和> 3)。从677头奶牛中总共鉴定出了1086例CM。每例CM与事件前5天记录的HLI-AHL值相关。使用病例交叉设计评估了CM的风险。使用条件逻辑回归模型计算在热中性(AHL = 0)或热负荷(AHL> 0)天中记录的CM的比值比和95%置信区间,针对病原体类型(环境或传染性)汇总或分层。该模型包括低(<6.5),中(6.6-34.9)和高(> 35)AHL类别。模型中包含的其他变量包括:牛奶产量(升)(<20、20–30和> 30),牛奶天数(<60、60–150和> 150)和胎次(1、2–3和> 3)。从677头奶牛中总共鉴定出了1086例CM。使用条件逻辑回归模型计算在热中性(AHL = 0)或热负荷(AHL> 0)天中记录的CM的比值比和95%置信区间,针对病原体类型(环境或传染性)汇总或分层。该模型包括低(<6.5),中(6.6-34.9)和高(> 35)AHL类别。模型中包含的其他变量包括:牛奶产量(升)(<20、20–30和> 30),牛奶天数(<60、60–150和> 150)和胎次(1、2–3和> 3)。从677头奶牛中总共鉴定出了1086例CM。使用条件逻辑回归模型计算在热中性(AHL = 0)或热负荷(AHL> 0)天中记录的CM的比值比和95%置信区间,针对病原体类型(环境或传染性)汇总或分层。该模型包括低(<6.5),中(6.6-34.9)和高(> 35)AHL类别。该模型中包括的其他变量包括:牛奶产量(升)(<20、20–30和> 30),牛奶天数(<60、60–150和> 150)和胎次(1、2–3和> 3)。从677头奶牛中总共鉴定出了1086例CM。中(6.6–34.9)和高(> 35)包括在模型中。该模型中包括的其他变量包括:牛奶产量(升)(<20、20–30和> 30),牛奶天数(<60、60–150和> 150)和胎次(1、2–3和> 3)。从677头奶牛中总共鉴定出了1086例CM。中(6.6–34.9)和高(> 35)包括在模型中。该模型中包括的其他变量包括:牛奶产量(升)(<20、20–30和> 30),牛奶天数(<60、60–150和> 150)和胎次(1、2–3和> 3)。从677头奶牛中总共鉴定出1,086例CM病例。大肠杆菌链球菌乳房链球菌是环境病原体,分离频率最高。金黄色葡萄球菌在传染性物种中盛行。汇总数据的分析表明,热负荷对传染性病原体地层中CM的发生有显着影响。在热负荷条件下,较高的产奶量,泌乳中期和晚期以及较高的胎次会增加CM的风险。但是,病原体类型与这些因素之间的关联尚不清楚,因为该模型在所有病原体类别中均提供了显着的比值比。本研究提供了奶牛HLI和CM之间关联的第一个证据,并提出了AHL模型评估与热负荷相关的乳腺炎风险的能力。

更新日期:2020-08-18
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