Glyphosate (Gly) is the most widely used herbicide in the world and has broad-spectrum and non-selective activity. Its indiscriminate use hence risks contamination of water bodies and can affect living organisms, especially sensitive or resistant non-target plants. Despite this, studies on physiological mechanisms and Gly remediation in Neotropical aquatic plants remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the physiological mechanisms of the aquatic macrophyte Salvinia biloba on exposure to different concentrations of a Gly commercial formulation (Gly-CF) and a Gly analytical standard (Gly-AS). Furthermore, using square-wave voltammetry (SWV), we determined whether the studied plant could remove Gly from water. Our data suggest that Gly-AS and Gly-CF induce similar physiological responses in S. biloba. However, Gly-CF was more phytotoxic. Depending on the concentration, the two forms of Gly affected the plants, decreasing the chlorophyll a and b contents and the photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity. The data also revealed that Gly promoted oxidative stress and increased the shikimic acid concentration. At the same time, the plants removed Gly from water, with 100% removal for 1 mg L⁻¹ Gly and above 60% removal for the other concentrations studied. Therefore, our results suggest that S. biloba may be a potential phytoremediation agent for low Gly concentrations, since 1 mg L⁻¹ Gly was completely removed and exhibited low phytotoxicity. This study deepens our scientific understanding of the Gly impact on and the phytoremediation potential of S. biloba.

草甘膦（Gly）是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂，具有广谱和非选择性的活性。因此，不加选择地使用它可能会污染水体，并可能影响活生物体，尤其是敏感或抗性的非目标植物。尽管如此，关于新热带水生植物的生理机制和甘氨酸修复的研究仍然有限。这项研究的目的是评估水生植物Salvinia biloba暴露于不同浓度的Gly商业制剂（Gly-CF）和Gly分析标准品（Gly-AS）的生理机制。此外，使用方波伏安法（SWV），我们确定了所研究的植物是否可以从水中去除Gly。我们的数据表明，Gly-AS和Gly-CF诱导了类似的生理反应。S.叶。但是，Gly-CF具有更高的植物毒性。取决于浓度，两种形式的Gly影响植物，降低叶绿素a和b的含量以及光系统II（PSII）的光化学活性。数据还显示，Gly促进了氧化应激并增加了iki草酸的浓度。同时，植物从水中去除了Gly，1 mg L ^-1 Gly去除了100％，其他浓度的去除超过60％。因此，我们的结果表明，由于1 mg L ^-1，S。biloba可能是低Gly浓度的潜在植物修复剂。甘氨酸被完全去除并且显示出低的植物毒性。这项研究加深了我们对甘氨酸对银杏的影响及其植物修复潜力的科学认识。