Abstract Foliar endophytic fungi may share the same habitat of phytopathogens and develop a key role in plants defense. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal agent of anthracnose in acai palms (Euterpe precatoria Mart.), affecting severely the leaflets of this plant. Here, we report the first investigation on the fungal endophytic community associated with the leaflets of E. precatoria in native and cultivated habitats in the Western Amazonia, using culture-dependent method. We also identified potential C. gloeosporioides-antagonist foliar endophytic fungi using dual culture and acai leaflets detached assays. Our data revealed that the composition of the fungal community in E. precatoria was influenced by cultivation system of these plants, and the native plants sampled exhibited higher levels of fungal diversity compared to the cultivated plants. The morphotype Colletotrichum sp. 11, probably a latent pathogen (C. gloeosporioides), was the most abundant endophyte species and was obtained from all samples of planted acai palms. A total of 151 endophytes were able to inhibit in vitro growth of C. gloeosporioides, indicating different kinds of antagonism such as competition, mycoparasitism and antibiosis. Among the endophytic fungi tested in the detached leaflet assay, Ramichloridium sp., recovered from native E. precatoria, showed a greater ability in the control of anthracnose. Altogether, this study suggests that the Ramichloridium sp. isolate can be a promising candidate for the biological control of C. gloeosporioides and that E. precatoria can host endophytic fungi that help in the defense against phytopathogenic fungi.

中文翻译：

---

选择内生菌作为阿萨伊棕榈炭疽菌的拮抗剂

摘要 叶内生真菌可能与植物病原体共享同一栖息地，并在植物防御中发挥关键作用。Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 是巴西莓 (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) 炭疽病的病原体，严重影响这种植物的小叶。在这里，我们使用文化依赖方法报告了与亚马逊西部原生和栽培栖息地中的 E. precatoria 传单相关的真菌内生群落的首次调查。我们还使用双重培养和 acai 小叶分离试验确定了潜在的 C. gloeosporioides 拮抗剂叶内生真菌。我们的数据显示，E. precatoria 真菌群落的组成受这些植物栽培系统的影响，与栽培植物相比，采样的本地植物表现出更高水平的真菌多样性。形态型Colletotrichum sp。11 可能是一种潜伏病原体 (C. gloeosporioides)，是最丰富的内生菌物种，是从所有种植的 acai 棕榈树样本中获得的。共有 151 种内生菌能够抑制 C. gloeosporioides 的体外生长，表明具有不同种类的拮抗作用，如竞争、真菌寄生和抗菌作用。在分离小叶试验中测试的内生真菌中，从原生 E. precatoria 中回收的蕈草属菌种在控制炭疽病方面表现出更强的能力。总而言之，这项研究表明苎麻属物种。分离株可能是生物控制 C. gloeosporioides 和 E.