Abstract Optical navigation is one of the key technologies to enhance the autonomy of spacecrafts. However, optical images may undergo severe motion degradation during asteroid approach phase, which adversely affects the accuracy of navigation. To guarantee the navigation accuracy for future asteroid missions, this study proposes a novel restoration method for smeared navigation images captured by onboard optical sensors. By taking advantage of the intensity distribution of reference stars, a fast estimation and refinement method for motion degradation is drawn from star stripes directly without the aids of other sensors. On this basis, a complete processing pipeline is put forward to recover the navigation images in real space environment. The proposed method does not take the assumption of constant angular velocities and enables the capability of dealing with complex motion degradation that may occur over the long exposure time for capturing faint space objects. Simulations are conducted using both synthetic and real images. The proposed method can have real-time performance while maintaining good restoration accuracy, and thus may have the potential for onboard implementation.

中文翻译：

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小行星接近阶段模糊导航图像的快速恢复

摘要 光导航是提高航天器自主性的关键技术之一。然而，光学图像在小行星接近阶段可能会发生严重的运动退化，这会对导航的准确性产生不利影响。为保证未来小行星任务的导航精度，本研究提出了一种新型的星载光学传感器采集的导航模糊图像修复方法。通过利用参考星的强度分布，直接从星条中提取运动退化的快速估计和细化方法，无需其他传感器的帮助。在此基础上，提出了完整的处理流程来恢复真实空间环境下的导航图像。所提出的方法不采用恒定角速度的假设，并且能够处理在长时间曝光期间可能发生的复杂运动退化，以捕获微弱的空间物体。使用合成图像和真实图像进行模拟。所提出的方法可以在保持良好的恢复精度的同时具有实时性能，因此可能具有车载实现的潜力。