Infectious diseases constitute one of the major threats to African great apes. Bonobos ( Pan paniscus ) may be particularly vulnerable to the transmission of infectious diseases because of their cohesive grouping and frequent social and sexual interactions between groups. Here we report two cases of a flu-like illness and possible transmission of the illness among neighboring wild bonobo groups at Wamba, DR Congo. The first flu-like outbreak started in the PE group on July 28, 2013, 2 days after they had encounters with the BI and PW groups. All PE members, except for one infant, subsequently developed flu-like symptoms, including coughing and running nose. The second flu-like outbreak occurred in the E1 group on October 14, 2013, after E1 had encountered the PE group and the two groups stayed together from October 7 to 11. Eleven out of the 15 observed party members developed symptoms over the next 4 days. The pathogens underlying the two outbreaks may have been related as two temporary immigrant females, who had previously shown symptoms while in the PE group, stayed briefly in the E1 group during the second outbreak, but did not show any symptoms.

中文翻译：

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万巴附近倭黑猩猩群体中流感样疾病的发生和传播

传染病是非洲类人猿面临的主要威胁之一。倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）可能特别容易受到传染病的传播，因为它们具有凝聚力的群体以及群体之间频繁的社会和性互动。在这里，我们报告了两例类似流感的疾病，以及该疾病可能在刚果民主共和国万巴的邻近野生倭黑猩猩群体之间传播。2013 年 7 月 28 日，在 PE 组与 BI 和 PW 组相遇后的第 2 天，第一次流感样爆发开始。除一名婴儿外，所有 PE 成员随后都出现了流感样症状，包括咳嗽和流鼻涕。第二次流感样暴发于2013年10月14日发生在E1组，此前E1曾遇到PE组，10月7日至11日两个组一起住。在接下来的 4 天里，被观察到的 15 名党员中有 11 人出现了症状。两次爆发背后的病原体可能与两名临时移民女性有关，她们之前在 PE 组中出现过症状，在第二次爆发期间短暂停留在 E1 组中，但没有出现任何症状。