With the development of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) materials, several HTS applications have been proposed and developed. Due to the HTS non-linear and non-homogeneous electromagnetic characteristics, the optimization process of an HTS system is a complex task requiring high computational time and resources. Within this context, this paper focuses on the comparison of HTS models for a fast estimation of the magnetization level of zero-field cooled HTS bulks. Four HTS models are analyzed: Kim's model, Bean's model, a simplified analytical model considering J=Jc and an equivalent permeability model. As a case study, these models are used to simulate the levitation forces of a horizontal axis HTS levitation system. A 3D Finite Element model is used as a base tool for the implementation of each model. Results are compared with the experimental ones. The simplified analytical model (J=Jc) and the equivalent permeability model present accurate enough results with a very low computational time when compared with Kim's and Bean's models. For the 3D simulation of the levitation system, a computational time between 10 and 24 hours is required for the Kim's and Bean's models, while only between 10 and 30 seconds for the simplified analytical and equivalent permeability models. Besides, the simplified analytical model (J=Jc) also provides information about the eddy-current losses inside the HTS bulks.

中文翻译：

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ZFC高温超导体块体快速计算方法比较

随着高温超导 (HTS) 材料的发展，已经提出并开发了多种 HTS 应用。由于高温超导非线性和非均匀电磁特性，高温超导系统的优化过程是一项复杂的任务，需要大量的计算时间和资源。在此背景下，本文重点比较 HTS 模型，以快速估计零场冷却 HTS 块体的磁化水平。分析了四个 HTS 模型：Kim 模型、Bean 模型、考虑 J=Jc 的简化分析模型和等效渗透率模型。作为案例研究，这些模型用于模拟水平轴 HTS 悬浮系统的悬浮力。3D 有限元模型用作实现每个模型的基础工具。结果与实验结果进行了比较。与 Kim 和 Bean 的模型相比，简化的分析模型 (J=Jc) 和等效渗透率模型以非常低的计算时间提供了足够准确的结果。对于悬浮系统的 3D 模拟，Kim 和 Bean 模型需要 10 到 24 小时的计算时间，而简化分析和等效渗透率模型只需要 10 到 30 秒。此外，简化的分析模型 (J=Jc) 还提供了有关 HTS 体内部涡流损耗的信息。对于悬浮系统的 3D 模拟，Kim 和 Bean 模型需要 10 到 24 小时的计算时间，而简化分析和等效渗透率模型只需要 10 到 30 秒。此外，简化的分析模型 (J=Jc) 还提供了有关 HTS 体内部涡流损耗的信息。对于悬浮系统的 3D 模拟，Kim 和 Bean 模型需要 10 到 24 小时的计算时间，而简化分析和等效渗透率模型只需要 10 到 30 秒。此外，简化的分析模型 (J=Jc) 还提供了有关 HTS 体内部涡流损耗的信息。