The D-wave processor is a partially controllable open quantum system that exchanges energy with its surrounding environment (in the form of heat) and with the external time dependent control fields (in the form of work). Despite being rarely thought as such, it is a thermodynamic machine. Here we investigate the properties of the D-Wave quantum annealers from a thermodynamical perspective. We performed a number of reverse-annealing experiments on the D-Wave 2000Q via the open access cloud server Leap, with the aim of understanding what type of thermal operation the machine performs, and quantifying the degree of dissipation that accompanies it, as well as the amount of heat and work that it exchanges. The latter is a challenging task in view of the fact that one can experimentally access only the overall energy change occurring in the processor, (which is the sum of heat and work it receives). However, recent results of non-equilibrium thermodynamics (namely, the fluctuation the...

中文翻译：

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量子退火炉的热力学

D波处理器是部分可控的开放量子系统，它与周围的环境（以热的形式）以及与外部时间相关的控制场（以工作的形式）交换能量。尽管很少有人这样认为，但这是一台热力学机器。在这里，我们从热力学角度研究D-Wave量子退火炉的特性。我们通过开放式访问云服务器Leap在D-Wave 2000Q上进行了许多反向退火实验，目的是了解机器执行哪种类型的热操作，并量化其伴随的耗散程度，以及它交换的热量和功。考虑到以下事实：从实验上只能访问处理器中发生的整体能量变化，这是一项艰巨的任务，（这是它接受的热量和功的总和）。但是，最近的非平衡热力学结果（即，波动...