Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was originally described in the medical literature more than 200 years ago. However, consensus clinical diagnostic criteria are less than 15 years old. Accurate diagnostic testing for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibodies has only become clinically available in the last 3-5 years and has facilitated a rapidly evolving understanding of patients with recurrent demyelination following ADEM. The field is working to optimize treatment for these patients with hopes of prospective treatment studies in the not too distant future. New imaging data suggest that even monophasic demyelination may have long-term impacts that were previously unrecognized. Recent developments in the literature are described in order to guide practice for providers who treat both adults and children with monophasic and recurrent forms of ADEM with and without MOG antibodies.

中文翻译：

---

儿童和成人急性播散性脑脊髓炎：强调新发展的重点综述

急性播散性脑脊髓炎 (ADEM) 最初在 200 多年前的医学文献中有所描述。然而，共识的临床诊断标准不到 15 年。髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白 (MOG) 自身抗体的准确诊断测试在过去 3-5 年才在临床上可用，并促进了对 ADEM 后复发性脱髓鞘患者的快速了解。该领域正在努力优化对这些患者的治疗，希望在不久的将来进行前瞻性治疗研究。新的成像数据表明，即使是单相脱髓鞘也可能具有以前未被认识到的长期影响。