Human activity is influencing the global osmium cycle, driving the Os isotopic composition (¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os) of the hydrosphere and associated sedimentary material to lower values. Here, we present the Re and Os abundance and isotope systematics of macroalgae, a proxy for seawater, from Tokyo Bay to elucidate the potential sources of anthropogenic Os to the Pacific Ocean. Macroalgae from the Uraga Channel, which connects Tokyo Bay to the Pacific Ocean, record relatively low Os abundances (∼10.1 pg/g) and an ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os of ∼0.9, indicative of surface ocean seawater. Contrastingly, macroalgae within the bay closest to central Tokyo record the highest Os abundances (∼22.8 pg/g) and lowest ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os values (∼0.47), suggesting contamination from human activity. To determine the source of anthropogenic Os, we have developed the first Os emission inventory, based on the East Asian Air Pollutant Emission Grid database (EAGrid2010). The close relationship (R² = 0.67 and p-value = <0.05) between Os inventories and macroalgal data suggests that municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) are the dominant source of Os to Tokyo Bay. Projections for Japan estimate that 26_–18⁺³⁸ ng Os/m²/yr is released from MSWI smokestacks, leading to a concentration in precipitation of 26_–18⁺³⁸ fg/g, identifying MSWIs as a major contributor of anthropogenic Os to the hydrological cycle.

中文翻译：

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东京湾巨藻中的人为O揭示了城市固体废物的广泛污染。

人类活动正在影响全球的cycle循环，使水圈的Os同位素组成（¹⁸⁷ Os / ¹⁸⁸ Os）和相关的沉积物降低到较低的值。在这里，我们介绍了来自东京湾的大型藻类（海水的替代物）的Re和Os丰度和同位素系统，以阐明人为的Os到太平洋的潜在来源。连接东京湾和太平洋的浦贺海峡的巨藻记录了相对较低的Os丰度（〜10.1 pg / g）和¹⁸⁷ Os / ¹⁸⁸ Os〜0.9，表示海洋表层海水。相反，最靠近东京市中心的海湾中的大型藻类记录到的最高Os丰度（约22.8 pg / g）和最低¹⁸⁷ Os / ¹⁸⁸Os值（〜0.47），表明人类活动造成了污染。为了确定人为致癌物质的来源，我们基于东亚空气污染物排放网格数据库（EAGrid2010）开发了第一个Os排放清单。Os清单与宏观藻类数据之间的密切关系（R ² = 0.67，p值= <0.05）表明，城市固体废物焚烧炉（MSWI）是东京湾Os的主要来源。根据日本的预测，MSWI烟囱释放出26 _–18 ⁺³⁸ ng Os / m ² / yr，导致降水集中浓度为26 _–18 ⁺³⁸ fg / g，这表明MSWI是人为Os的主要贡献者。水文循环。