Enduring immunity against harmful pathogens depends on the generation of immunological memory. Serum immunoglobulins are constantly secreted by long‐lived antibody‐producing cells, which provide extended protection from recurrent exposures. These cells originate mainly from germinal center structures, wherein B cells introduce mutations to their immunoglobulin genes followed by affinity‐based selection. Generation of high‐affinity antibodies relies on physical contacts between T and B cells, a process that facilitates the delivery of fate decision signals. T‐B cellular engagements are mediated through interactions between the T cell receptor and its cognate peptide presented on B cell major histocompatibility class II molecules. Here, we describe the cellular and molecular aspects of these cognate T‐B interactions, and highlight exceptional cases, especially those arising at intestinal lymphoid organs, at which T cells provide help to B cells in an atypical manner, independent of T cell specificity.

中文翻译：

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T 细胞对 B 细胞的帮助：外周和肠道淋巴组织中的同源和非典型相互作用。

针对有害病原体的持久免疫力取决于免疫记忆的产生。血清免疫球蛋白由长寿命的抗体产生细胞不断分泌，可提供长期保护，防止反复接触。这些细胞主要来自生发中心结构，其中 B 细胞将突变引入其免疫球蛋白基因，然后进行基于亲和力的选择。高亲和力抗体的产生依赖于 T 细胞和 B 细胞之间的物理接触，这一过程有助于传递命运决定信号。T-B 细胞参与是通过 T 细胞受体与其在 B 细胞主要组织相容性 II 类分子上呈递的同源肽之间的相互作用介导的。在这里，我们描述了这些同源 T-B 相互作用的细胞和分子方面，并强调了特殊情况，