Chandelier cells (ChCs) are a unique type of GABAergic interneuron that selectively innervate the axon initial segment (AIS) of excitatory pyramidal neurons; the subcellular domain where action potentials are initiated. The proper genesis and maturation of ChCs is critical for regulating neural ensemble firing in the neocortex throughout development and adulthood. Recently, genetic and molecular studies have shed new light on the complex innerworkings of ChCs in health and disease. This review presents an overview of recent studies on the developmental origins, migratory properties, and morphology of ChCs. In addition, attention is given to newly identified molecules regulating ChC morphogenesis and connectivity as well as recent work linking ChC dysfunction to neural disorders, including schizophrenia, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

中文翻译：

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阐明枝形吊灯细胞发育、连通性和对神经疾病的贡献

枝形吊灯细胞 (ChCs) 是一种独特类型的 GABA 能中间神经元，可选择性地支配兴奋性锥体神经元的轴突初始段 (AIS)；启动动作电位的亚细胞域。ChC 的正确发生和成熟对于在整个发育和成年期调节新皮质中的神经集合放电至关重要。最近，遗传和分子研究揭示了 ChC 在健康和疾病中的复杂内部运作机制。本综述概述了最近关于 ChC 的发育起源、迁移特性和形态的研究。此外，关注新发现的调节 ChC 形态发生和连接的分子，以及最近将 ChC 功能障碍与神经疾病联系起来的工作，包括精神分裂症、癫痫和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD)。