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Seismic expression of shear zones: Insights from 2-D point-spread-function-based convolution modelling
Journal of Structural Geology ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104121
T. Wrona , H. Fossen , I. Lecomte , C.H. Eide , R.L. Gawthorpe

Abstract Shear zones are common strain localization structures in the middle and lower crust and play a major role during orogeny, transcurrent movements and rifting alike. Our understanding of crustal deformation depends on our ability to recognize and map shear zones in the subsurface, yet the exact signatures of shear zones in seismic reflection data are not well constrained. To advance our understanding, we simulate how three outcrop examples of shear zones (Holsnoy - Norway, Cap de Creus - Spain, Borborema - Brazil) would look in different types of seismic reflection data using a 2-D PSF-based convolution modelling, PSF (Point-Spread Functions) being the elementary response of diffraction points in seismic imaging. We explore how geological properties (e.g. shear zone size and dip) and imaging effects (e.g. frequency, resolution, illumination) control the seismic signatures of shear zones. Our models show three consistent seismic characteristics of shear zones: (1) multiple, inclined reflections, (2) converging reflections, and (3) cross-cutting reflections that can help interpreters recognize these structures with confidence.

中文翻译:

剪切带的地震表达:基于二维点扩展函数的卷积建模的见解

摘要 剪切带是中下地壳常见的应变局域构造,在造山运动、横流运动和裂谷作用等过程中发挥着重要作用。我们对地壳变形的理解取决于我们识别和绘制地下剪切带的能力,但地震反射数据中剪切带的确切特征并没有得到很好的限制。为了加深我们的理解,我们使用基于二维 PSF 的卷积模型 PSF 模拟了三个露头剪切带示例(霍尔斯诺伊 - 挪威、Cap de Creus - 西班牙、Borborema - 巴西)在不同类型的地震反射数据中的表现(点扩展函数)是地震成像中衍射点的基本响应。我们探索地质特性(例如剪切带大小和倾角)和成像效果(例如频率、分辨率、照明)控制剪切带的地震特征。我们的模型显示了剪切带的三个一致的地震特征:(1) 多次倾斜反射,(2) 会聚反射,以及 (3) 可以帮助解释者自信地识别这些结构的横切反射。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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