Carbofuran is one of the most toxic broad-spectrum and systemic N-methyl carbamate pesticide, which is extensively applied as insecticide, nematicide and acaricide for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes. It is extremely lethal to mammals, birds, fish and wildlife due to its anticholinesterase activity, which inhibits acetyl-cholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterse activity. In humans, carbofuran is associated with endocrine disrupting activity, reproductive disorders, cytotoxic and genotoxic abnormalities. Therefore, cleanup of carbofuran-contaminated environments is of utmost concern and urgently needs an adequate, advanced and effective remedial technology. Microbial technology (bacterial, fugal and algal species) is a very potent, pragmatic and ecofriendly approach for the removal of carbofuran. Microbial enzymes and their catabolic genes exhibit an exceptional potential for bioremediation strategies. To understand the specific mechanism of carbofuran degradation and involvement of carbofuran hydrolase enzymes and genes, highly efficient genomic approaches are required to provide reliable information and unfold metabolic pathways. This review briefly discusses the carbofuran toxicity and its toxicological impact into the environment, in-depth understanding of carbofuran degradation mechanism with microbial strains, metabolic pathways, molecular mechanisms and genetic basis involved in degradation.

呋喃丹是最具毒性的广谱和系统性N-氨基甲酸甲酯农药，广泛用作农业，家庭和工业用途的杀虫剂，杀线虫剂和杀螨剂。它具有抗胆碱酯酶活性，可抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶的活性，因此对哺乳动物，鸟类，鱼类和野生生物极为致命。在人类中，呋喃丹与内分泌干扰活性，生殖疾病，细胞毒性和遗传毒性异常有关。因此，最受关注的是被呋喃呋喃污染的环境的清洁，并且迫切需要适当，先进和有效的补救技术。微生物技术（细菌，真菌和藻类）是一种有效的，实用的，生态友好的去除呋喃丹的方法。微生物酶及其分解代谢基因在生物修复策略中显示出巨大的潜力。为了了解Carbofuran降解和Carbofuran水解酶和基因参与的具体机制，需要高效的基因组方法来提供可靠的信息并展现代谢途径。这篇综述简要讨论了呋喃呋喃的毒性及其对环境的毒理学影响，深入了解了呋喃呋喃的降解机理以及微生物菌株，代谢途径，分子机理以及降解的遗传基础。