This study is a continuation of the previous works on a theoretical description of the mechanism of motor control by the CNS under conditions of the performance of simple motor tasks by humans. We describe the process of development of maximal different-direction static efforts within the horizontal plane by the human arm, where the hand, shoulder joint, elbow joint, and the effort vector are within the same horizontal plane. The upper limb has been modelled by a musculoskeletal system comprising of the forearm and shoulder links, elbow and shoulder joints, and of eight muscles of the arm and brachial grid generating the corresponding forces. The problem has been reduced to that of linear programming and is resolved using the simplex method. The results of modelling demonstrated the existence of a complex system of optimization synergies, which changed significantly when the direction of the maximal effort vector was changed. This system of synergies is more complex in the case of generating the maximum effort with two arms connected at the palms. Despite the fact that the modelling results obtained looked rather unexpected and extraordinary from the aspect of a real neurophysiological research, they, nevertheless, can initiate some new ideas for experimental work.

中文翻译：

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人体手臂产生最大等距努力期间的协同控制

这项研究是先前关于在人类执行简单运动任务的条件下中枢神经系统运动控制机制的理论描述工作的延续。我们描述了人类手臂在水平面内最大不同方向静态力的发展过程，其中手、肩关节、肘关节和力向量在同一水平面内。上肢由肌肉骨骼系统建模，该系统包括前臂和肩关节、肘关节和肩关节，以及产生相应力的手臂和肱骨网格的八块肌肉。该问题已简化为线性规划的问题，并使用单纯形方法解决。建模结果表明存在一个复杂的优化协同系统，当最大努力向量的方向改变时，它发生了显着的变化。在两个手臂连接在手掌上产生最大努力的情况下，这种协同系统更加复杂。尽管从真正的神经生理学研究的角度来看，所获得的建模结果看起来相当出乎意料和非凡，但它们仍然可以为实验工作提出一些新的想法。