Security of wireless sensor networks is a major issue to protect sensor nodes from the attacker. Key management or key pre-distribution (KPS) is the preliminary step in the security of a sensor network, where secret keys are loaded into the sensor node’s memory before placement of the node in target positions. Various schemes for KPS have been proposed for location dependent as well as location independent wireless sensor networks. Costas arrays are \(n \times n\) matrices grid represented where dots are placed for the l’s and leave blanks for the 0’s of the matrix for a positive integer n with the property that the vectors connecting two dots of the grid are all distinct as vectors. Costas arrays have a wide range of application including the construction of sonar signal pattern, cryptography, etc. Due to the Costas arrays property of uniqueness among their elements, it can be used in key pre-distribution of wireless sensor networks, especially in a location-dependent grid-based network. In this paper, we have proposed a Costas array based key pre-distribution scheme. Simulations are done on different network scenarios and the results were analyzed. Comparative performance analysis of the scheme is shown for different grid sized network considering various order of Costas array.

中文翻译：

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基于Costas阵列的WSN密钥预分配方案（CAKPS）及其性能分析

无线传感器网络的安全性是保护传感器节点免受攻击者攻击的主要问题。密钥管理或密钥预分发（KPS）是传感器网络安全性的初步步骤，其中在将节点放置在目标位置之前，将秘密密钥加载到传感器节点的内存中。已经提出了用于KPS的各种方案，用于与位置有关的以及与位置无关的无线传感器网络。科斯塔斯阵列\（N \ n次\）矩阵网格表示，其中的点被放置为L的和假空白为0的矩阵的一个正整数Ñ具有连接网格的两个点的向量作为向量是完全不同的特性。Costas阵列具有广泛的应用，包括声纳信号码型的构建，密码学等。由于Costas阵列元素之间具有唯一性，因此可用于无线传感器网络的关键预分配中，尤其是在某个位置依赖的基于网格的网络。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于Costas阵列的密钥预分配方案。在不同的网络场景下进行了仿真，并对结果进行了分析。考虑了不同阶数的Costas阵列，针对不同网格大小的网络显示了该方案的比较性能分析。