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Early planting, management of edges and non-crop habitats reduce potyvirus infection in maize
Agronomy for Sustainable Development ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s13593-020-00625-4
Gemma Clemente-Orta , Ramon Albajes , Maria Angeles Achon

Viruses are a limiting factor in maize production areas around the world. The knowledge of the interactions between agroecosystems and the virus-vector-host system is limited, but a landscape-scale approach could help fill this gap. In this study, we show how the use of multiple spatial scales, i.e. 200, 500 and 1000 m, is a novel methodology for explaining the incidence of two closely related potyviruses: maize dwarf mosaic virus and sugarcane mosaic virus. To determine the factors involved in virus incidence, we recorded the proportion of surrounding crops and non-crop habitats at the landscape scale and, at the field scale, we recorded the planting date, the maize field area, the crop rotation and the weed diversity in the edges. In addition, we estimated the numbers of aphids with sticky yellow traps. Virus incidence in maize and in alternative grass hosts was determined by DAS-ELISA. Generalised linear mixed models were fitted using the multimodel inference method. The results showed that the most predictive model for the incidence of both potyviruses was at a scale of 200 m, but for the aphid abundance, it was at a scale of 500 m. Maize dwarf mosaic virus incidence was most affected by field management, and sugarcane mosaic virus by landscape variables. The planting date and the weed diversity in the edges were the field variables with the highest positive effects on both potyviruses. Moreover, both viruses were positively related to the abundance of aphids, and maize dwarf mosaic virus was only related to the cover of Johnson grass in the edges. Non-crop habitats had negative effects on potyvirus incidence at all spatial scales, showing that biodiversity in the landscape decreases the incidence of viruses. Here, we show that the early planting, the management of edges and the presence of non-crop habitats are key factors.

中文翻译:

早播,边缘和非作物生境的管理减少了玉米中的马铃薯广谱病毒感染

病毒是世界各地玉米生产地区的限制因素。对农业生态系统和病毒载体系统之间相互作用的知识是有限的,但是横向方法可以帮助填补这一空白。在这项研究中,我们展示了如何利用多个空间尺度(即200、500和1000 m)来解释两种紧密相关的马铃薯病毒(玉米矮花叶病毒和甘蔗花叶病毒)的发病率。为了确定涉及病毒发生率的因素,我们在景观尺度上记录了周围农作物和非作物生境的比例,在田间尺度上,我们记录了播种日期,玉米田间面积,作物轮作和杂草多样性在边缘。此外,我们估计了带有黄色粘滞陷阱的蚜虫数量。通过DAS-ELISA确定玉米和替代草宿主中的病毒发生率。使用多模型推理方法拟合了广义线性混合模型。结果表明,两种马铃薯病毒的发病率最预测的模型是在200 m的范围内,而蚜虫丰度的模型是在500 m的范围内。玉米矮化花叶病毒的发病率受田间管理的影响最大,甘蔗花叶病毒受景观变量的影响最大。种植日期和边缘杂草的多样性是对两种马铃薯病毒都有最大积极影响的田间变量。此外,两种病毒都与蚜虫的数量成正相关,而玉米矮花叶病毒仅与约翰逊草的边缘覆盖有关。非农作物栖息地在所有空间尺度上都对盆栽病毒的发生产生负面影响,表明景观中的生物多样性降低了病毒的发病率。在这里,我们表明早期种植,边缘管理和非作物生境的存在是关键因素。
更新日期:2020-06-18
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