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A dynastic elite in monumental Neolithic society
Nature ( IF 64.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2378-6
Lara M Cassidy 1 , Ros Ó Maoldúin 1, 2, 3 , Thomas Kador 4 , Ann Lynch 5 , Carleton Jones 6 , Peter C Woodman 7 , Eileen Murphy 8 , Greer Ramsey 9 , Marion Dowd 10 , Alice Noonan 1 , Ciarán Campbell 1 , Eppie R Jones 1, 11, 12 , Valeria Mattiangeli 1 , Daniel G Bradley 1
Affiliation  

The nature and distribution of political power in Europe during the Neolithic era remains poorly understood 1 . During this period, many societies began to invest heavily in building monuments, which suggests an increase in social organization. The scale and sophistication of megalithic architecture along the Atlantic seaboard, culminating in the great passage tomb complexes, is particularly impressive 2 . Although co-operative ideology has often been emphasised as a driver of megalith construction 1 , the human expenditure required to erect the largest monuments has led some researchers to emphasize hierarchy 3 —of which the most extreme case is a small elite marshalling the labour of the masses. Here we present evidence that a social stratum of this type was established during the Neolithic period in Ireland. We sampled 44 whole genomes, among which we identify the adult son of a first-degree incestuous union from remains that were discovered within the most elaborate recess of the Newgrange passage tomb. Socially sanctioned matings of this nature are very rare, and are documented almost exclusively among politico-religious elites 4 —specifically within polygynous and patrilineal royal families that are headed by god-kings 5 , 6 . We identify relatives of this individual within two other major complexes of passage tombs 150 km to the west of Newgrange, as well as dietary differences and fine-scale haplotypic structure (which is unprecedented in resolution for a prehistoric population) between passage tomb samples and the larger dataset, which together imply hierarchy. This elite emerged against a backdrop of rapid maritime colonization that displaced a unique Mesolithic isolate population, although we also detected rare Irish hunter-gatherer introgression within the Neolithic population. Skeletal remains from the Neolithic passage tomb at Newgrange (Ireland) represent the adult son of a first-degree incestuous union, suggesting that a politico-religious elite may have controlled the construction of Irish sites of this type.

中文翻译:

具有纪念意义的新石器时代社会的王朝精英

新石器时代欧洲政治权力的性质和分布仍然知之甚少 1 。在此期间,许多社会开始大力投资建造纪念碑,这表明社会组织有所增加。大西洋沿岸巨石建筑的规模和复杂性,最终形成了巨大的通道墓群,尤其令人印象深刻 2 。尽管合作意识形态经常被强调为巨石建筑的驱动力 1 ,但建造最大的纪念碑所需的人力支出导致一些研究人员强调等级制度 3 ——其中最极端的情况是一小群精英组织劳动力群众。在这里,我们提出证据表明这种类型的社会阶层是在爱尔兰的新石器时代建立的。我们采样了 44 个全基因组,其中我们从在纽格兰奇通道墓最精致的凹槽中发现的遗骸中识别出一级乱伦结合的成年儿子。社会认可的这种性质的交配非常罕见,而且几乎只在政治宗教精英 4 中记录——特别是在以神王为首的一夫多妻制和父系王室中 5 、 6 。我们在纽格兰奇以西 150 公里处的另外两个主要通道墓群中确定了该个体的亲属,以及通道墓样本和更大的数据集,它们共同意味着层次结构。尽管我们还在新石器时代的人口中发现了罕见的爱尔兰狩猎采集者渐渗,但这些精英是在快速的海洋殖民化背景下出现的,这种殖民化取代了独特的中石器时代孤立种群。纽格兰奇(爱尔兰)新石器时代通道墓的骨骼遗骸代表一级乱伦联盟的成年儿子,这表明政治宗教精英可能控制了这种类型的爱尔兰遗址的建设。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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