Chronic endometritis is an inflammation in the inner layer of uterine mucosa, with or without an infectious process, which affects the animal's fertility but not its general health. A variety of treatments has been adopted over the years but to date, no effective cures have been able to renew the injured tissue. Since the defects in the fetal-maternal communication are caused by degenerative changes due to chronic endometrial inflammation, our working hypothesis was a new approach to this disease by the regenerative medicine using amniotic derived microvesicles (MVs) for their anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. The MVs are responsible for horizontal transfer of genetic materials, including microRNA (miRNAs) that are involved in paracrine communication between origin cells and target cells. Thus, intrauterine MV infusion may be beneficial in degenerative chronic endometritis and in the fetal–maternal talk. The selected mare was an 11-year-old Friesian, with a history of failed pregnancies despite numerous insemination attempts. Punctual and evident heats characterized the reproductive history, but no insemination attempts had been made for many years. The first (failed) insemination was when the mare was 9-years-old. In the next two reproductive seasons, other attempts were made at regular intervals but none was successful. After a final insemination attempt using a stallion of proven fertility, the collection of an 8-day old embryo suggested that the mare was affected by implantation failure related to endometritis. The mare was treated with two cycles of intrauterine administration of amniotic-derived MVs. The success of the intrauterine administration of MVs was demonstrated by an improvement in the classification of endometritis and in a successful artificial insemination (AI) with implantation of an embryo, as detected at day 14 and with a pregnancy that is still ongoing. Probably, MVs were able to restore the injured endometrium and re-establish the proper communication for a successful embryo implantation.

慢性子宫内膜炎是子宫粘膜内层的一种炎症，有或没有感染过程，会影响动物的生育能力，但不会影响其总体健康。这些年来已经采用了多种治疗方法，但是迄今为止，还没有有效的疗法能够使受伤的组织再生。由于胎儿-母亲沟通的缺陷是由于慢性子宫内膜炎症引起的退行性改变而引起的，因此我们的工作假设是通过再生药物使用羊膜衍生微囊泡（MVs）的抗炎和再生作用来治疗该疾病的新方法。MV负责遗传物质的水平转移，包括与原始细胞和靶细胞之间的旁分泌通讯有关的microRNA（miRNA）。从而，宫腔内MV输注可能对退行性慢性子宫内膜炎和胎儿与母亲的谈话有益。入选的母马是一名11岁的弗里斯兰人，尽管进行了多次人工授精，但仍有怀孕失败的历史。生殖历史上有点状和明显的高温，但多年来没有进行过任何人工授精的尝试。第一次（失败）受精是在母马9岁时。在接下来的两个繁殖季节，定期进行其他尝试，但均未成功。在使用已证明具有生育力的种马进行最后的授精尝试后，收集了一个8天大的胚胎，这表明母马受到了与子宫内膜炎相关的植入失败的影响。对母马进行了两个周期的宫内羊膜源性MV治疗。子宫内膜异位症治疗的成功通过子宫内膜炎的分类改善和成功的人工授精（AI）进行了证实，如第14天检测到的那样，并且植入了胚胎并且妊娠仍在继续。MV可能能够恢复受损的子宫内膜并重新建立正确的沟通，从而成功地进行胚胎植入。