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Toward the Integration of an Attract-and-Kill Approach with Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Multiple Life Stages of Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
Insects ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 , DOI: 10.3390/insects11060375
Jaime C Piñero 1 , David Shapiro-Ilan 2 , Daniel R Cooley 1 , Arthur F Tuttle 1 , Alan Eaton 3 , Patrick Drohan 4 , Kathleen Leahy 5 , Aijun Zhang 6 , Torri Hancock 7, 8 , Anna K Wallingford 3 , Tracy C Leskey 8
Affiliation  

Efforts to reduce insecticide inputs against plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, a key pest of apples in eastern North America, include perimeter-row insecticide sprays applied after the whole-orchard petal fall spray to manage dispersing adults and, more recently, insecticide sprays confined to odor-baited trap trees. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are virulent to ground-dwelling stages of C. nenuphar, and may be applied to the ground underneath trap-tree canopies. Here, we (1) compared the efficacy of the odor-baited trap tree approach with grower-prescribed (=grower standard) sprays to manage C. nenuphar populations over a six-year period in seven commercial apple orchards in New England; and (2) assessed the performance of the EPN Steinernema riobrave at suppressing ground-dwelling stages of C. nenuphar. In addition, the performance of S. riobrave was compared against that of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae in one year. Across the six years, percent fruit injury on trap tree plots averaged 11.3% on odor-baited trap trees and 1.4% on unbaited trees in grower standard plots, highlighting the ability of trap trees to aggregate C. nenuphar activity and subsequent injury. Mean percentage injury on fruit sampled from interior trees, the strongest measure of treatment performance, in trap tree plots did not differ significantly from that recorded on interior trees in grower standard spray plots (0.95 vs. 0.68%, respectively). Steinernema riobrave consistently reduced C. nenuphar populations as indicated by the significantly lower number of adult C. nenuphar that emerged from the soil, when compared to water control. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. riobrave performed similarly well, and both EPN species outperformed S. feltiae. Our combined findings indicate that an IPM approach that targets multiple life stages of C. nenuphar has the potential to manage this pest more sustainably in a reduced-spray environment.

中文翻译:

趋向于与杀虫线虫的吸引和杀死方法相结合,以控制梅花(鞘翅目:Curculionidae)的多个生命阶段。

为减少对梅花蛾(Conotrachelus nenuphar)(北美洲东部苹果的主要害虫)的杀虫剂投入,包括在整株果园的花瓣落落喷雾剂后施用周线杀虫剂喷雾剂,以控制成虫散布,最近,杀虫剂喷雾剂仅限于诱饵的陷阱树。昆虫病原线虫(EPNs)对C. nenuphar的栖地阶段具有毒性,可应用于陷获树冠下的地面。在这里,我们(1)将气味诱捕的陷阱树方法与种植者指定的(=种植者标准)喷雾剂的功效进行了比较,以在六年内管理新英格兰七个商业苹果园中的C. nenuphar种群;(2)评估了EPN的效果Steinernema riobrave在抑制C. nenuphar的栖居阶段。此外,性能S. riobrave是针对比较S. carpocapsaeS.氏线虫的一年。在过去的六年中,种植者标准地块中,有诱饵的陷阱树上的果实伤害百分比平均为11.3%,无诱饵的树上平均为1.4%,这突出了陷阱树聚集C. nenuphar的能力活动和随后的伤害。在陷阱树地中,从内部树上采样的果实平均伤害百分率是处理性能的最强衡量标准,与种植者标准喷雾地中的内部树上记录的伤害平均值无显着差异(分别为0.95和0.68%)。Steinernema riobrave持续减少了C. nenuphar种群,与水控制相比,从土壤中出来的成年C. nenuphar数目明显减少。Steinernema carpocapsaeS. riobrave的表现相似,并且两种EPN品种的表现都优于S. feeliae。我们的综合研究结果表明,针对C. nenuphar多个生命阶段的IPM方法有潜力在减少喷雾的环境中更可持续地管理该害虫。
更新日期:2020-06-17
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