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LNAPL Recovery Endpoints: Lessons Learnt Through Modeling, Experiments, and Field Trials
Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 , DOI: 10.1111/gwmr.12400
Kaveh Sookhak Lari , John L. Rayner , Greg B. Davis , Colin D. Johnston

It is important to estimate what light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) recovery can be practicably achieved from subsurface environments. Over the last decade, research to address this included a broad field program, laboratory measurements and experimentation, and modeling approaches. Here, we consolidate key findings from the research in the context of current literature and understanding, with a focus on a well‐validated, multiphase multicomponent modeling approach to achieve estimates of reasonable endpoints for LNAPL recovery. Simple analytical models can provide approximate saturation distributions and estimates of LNAPL recoverability via transmissivity approximation, but are insufficient to predict LNAPL saturation‐ and composition‐based recovery endpoints for various recovery technologies. This is because they cannot account for multiphase, multicomponent fate and transport and key processes such as hysteresis. Recent advances to improve estimates of the fraction of recoverable LNAPL and its transmissivity are summarized. These advances include further development and application of a well‐validated model to characterize active LNAPL recovery endpoints. We present key factors that affect the determination of LNAPL recovery endpoints, and outline how recovery endpoints are affected by natural source zone depletion (NSZD—currently gaining acceptance as a LNAPL remediation option). Major factors include geo‐physical characteristics of the formation, magnitude of an LNAPL release and partitioning properties of the key LNAPL constituents of concern. Based on the capabilities of the validated model, the paper also provides a basis to optimize LNAPL recovery efforts.

中文翻译:

LNAPL恢复端点:通过建模,实验和现场试验中学到的经验教训

重要的是估算从地下环境中可以实际实现的轻质非水相液体(LNAPL)回收率。在过去的十年中,针对此问题的研究包括广泛的现场计划,实验室测量和实验以及建模方法。在这里,我们在当前文献和理解的背景下巩固了研究的主要发现,重点是经过充分验证的多相多组分建模方法,以实现对LNAPL回收的合理终点的估算。简单的分析模型可以通过透射率近似提供近似的饱和度分布和LNAPL可恢复性的估计,但不足以预测各种恢复技术的LNAPL基于饱和度和成分的恢复终点。这是因为它们无法解释多相,多分量的命运和传输以及诸如滞后之类的关键过程。总结了改进可回收LNAPL比例及其透射率估计值的最新进展。这些进步包括进一步开发和应用经过验证的模型来表征活跃的LNAPL恢复端点。我们介绍了影响LNAPL恢复终点确定的关键因素,并概述了自然源区耗尽(NSZD-当前已被接受为LNAPL补救方案)对恢复终点的影响。主要因素包括地层的地球物理特征,LNAPL释放的幅度以及所关注的关键LNAPL成分的分配特性。根据已验证模型的功能,
更新日期:2020-08-20
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