Converting CO₂ to valuable carbonaceous fuels and chemicals via electrochemical CO₂ reduction by using renewable energy sources is considered to be a scalable strategy with substantial environmental and economic benefits. One of the challenges in this field is to develop nanocatalysts with superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for targeted products. Nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts is of great significance for the construction of distinctive active sites to overcome the kinetic limitations of CO₂ reduction. These types of modification enable the efficient control of the selectivity and significantly decrease the reaction overpotential. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progress of nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts for electrochemical CO₂ reduction is presented. After discussing some fundamental parameters and the basic principles of CO₂ reduction, including possible reaction pathways in light of theoretical modeling and experiments, the identification of active sites and elucidation of reaction mechanisms are emphasized for unraveling the role of nonmetal species modification, such as heteroatom incorporation, organic molecule decoration, electrolyte engineering, and single‐atom engineering. In the final section, future challenges and constructive perspectives are provided, facilitating the accelerated advancement of mechanism research and practical applications of green carbon cycling.

中文翻译：

---

非金属物种修饰的电化学还原CO2纳米催化剂的合理设计

转换CO ₂通过电化学CO有价值的含碳燃料和化学品₂通过使用可再生能源减少被认为是大量的环境和经济效益的可扩展的战略。该领域的挑战之一是开发对目标产物具有优异电催化活性和选择性的纳米催化剂。纳米催化剂的非金属物种修饰对于构建独特的活性位点以克服CO ₂的动力学限制具有重要意义。减少。这些类型的修饰能够有效地控制选择性并显着降低反应过电势。本文中，对用于电化学还原CO ₂的纳米催化剂的非金属物种修饰的最新进展进行了全面综述。在讨论了一些基本参数和CO ₂的基本原理之后还原，包括根据理论建模和实验可能的反应途径，强调了活性位点的识别和对反应机理的阐明，以阐明非金属物种修饰的作用，例如杂原子掺入，有机分子修饰，电解质工程和单分子原子工程。在最后一节中，提供了未来的挑战和建设性的观点，从而促进了机制研究和绿色碳循环的实际应用的加速发展。