Polaromonas vacuolata KCTC 22033^T is an obligate aerobic, Gram-negative, psychrophilic and rod-shaped bacterium isolated from beneath the sea ice off the coast of the Palmer Peninsula, Anvers Islands, Antarctica. P. vacuolata is the type species of Polaromonas genus and the first example of gas vacuolate Betaproteobacteria isolated from marine habitats. Here, we report a complete genome of P. vacuolata KCTC 22033^T, which consists of 3,837,686 bp (G + C content of 52.07%) with a single chromosome, 3461 protein-coding genes, 56 tRNAs and 6 rRNA operons. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of genes involved in bacterial adaptation under saline conditions, cold adaptation via the production of gas vesicles and cell adhesion proteins, and a photoheterotrophic lifestyle when challenged by starvation. Intriguingly, several of these genes were likely acquired from species outside the Polaromonas genus. The genomic information therefore describes the unique evolution and adaptation of P. vacuolata to its extraordinary habitat, i.e., beneath the Antarctic sea ice.

Polaromonas vacuolata KCTC 22033 ^T是一种专性好氧、革兰氏阴性、嗜冷和杆状细菌，从南极洲安弗斯群岛帕尔默半岛海岸的海冰下分离出来。P. vacuolata是Polaromonas属的典型物种，也是从海洋栖息地中分离出的气体空泡Betaproteobacteria的第一个例子。在这里，我们报告了P. vacuolata KCTC 22033 ^T的完整基因组, 它由 3,837,686 bp (G + C 含量为 52.07%) 的单染色体、3461 个蛋白质编码基因、56 个 tRNA 和 6 个 rRNA 操纵子组成。基因组分析揭示了与盐条件下细菌适应、通过产生气泡和细胞粘附蛋白进行冷适应以及在受到饥饿挑战时的光异养生活方式有关的基因的存在。有趣的是，这些基因中的一些很可能是从极性单胞菌属以外的物种中获得的。因此，基因组信息描述了P. vacuolata对其非凡栖息地（即南极海冰下）的独特进化和适应。