Abstract Osmotically driven membrane processes such as forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis may hold key advantages when integrated with seawater reverse osmosis to form hybrid FO-RO and RO-PRO systems. In this work, module-scale modeling of these two processes was improved by accurately representing the features of a spiral-wound membrane. The model captures important characteristics such as the cross-flow stream orientation, membrane baffling, and channel dimensions unique to spiral-wound membranes. The new module-scale model was then scaled to the system-level to compare various system designs for FO-RO and RO-PRO systems, most notably, a multi-stage recharge design was defined. Results indicate that the multi-stage recharge design leads to an increase in wastewater utilization, as high as 90%, when compared to the single-stage designs. Additionally, the multi-stage recharge configuration can increase the specific energy recovery of pressure retarded osmosis by over 75%. The multi-stage recharge design is found to be not only advantageous but may be also necessary to the integration of osmotically driven membrane processes with seawater reverse osmosis.

中文翻译：

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与海水反渗透脱盐相结合的正向渗透和压力延迟渗透过程建模

摘要 正渗透和压力延迟渗透等渗透驱动的膜工艺与海水反渗透结合形成混合 FO-RO 和 RO-PRO 系统时可能具有关键优势。在这项工作中，通过准确表示螺旋缠绕膜的特征，改进了这两个过程的模块规模建模。该模型捕捉了重要的特征，例如错流方向、膜挡板和螺旋缠绕膜特有的通道尺寸。然后将新的模块规模模型扩展到系统级，以比较 FO-RO 和 RO-PRO 系统的各种系统设计，最值得注意的是，定义了多级充电设计。结果表明，与单级设计相比，多级补给设计可提高废水利用率，高达 90%。此外，多级补给配置可以将压力延迟渗透的比能量回收提高75%以上。发现多级补给设计不仅是有利的，而且对于渗透驱动的膜过程与海水反渗透的整合也是必要的。