Abstract Salinity gradient power can be a very attractive renewable energy system because electricity is generated by salt concentration difference between two solutions without any pollutant emission. The representative example of salinity gradient power is reverse electrodialysis (RED), in which there are many variables such as ion exchange membrane (IEM), electrode, stack configuration, the structure of flow pathway, spacer, and solution concentration. This paper focuses on IEMs and electrodes that have not been covered in the previous review papers, as well as on the fundamental of the RED system and plant development for commercialization. In the part of IEM, the characteristics that need to be intensively studied are analyzed and the studies have been conducted to improve membrane property are summarized. In addition, the properties of major commercial IEMs and tailor-made membranes are compared and analyzed, and the relationship between properties affecting membrane performance is studied. In the part of the electrode, the main issues and materials of the electrode part in the RED system are presented, and the recent researches related to the electrode of a large-scale RED system for commercialization are summarized. Finally, this review suggests the future prospects and expectations for salinity gradient power using the RED system.

中文翻译：

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反电渗析用于盐度梯度发电的发展和未来前景：离子交换膜和电极的影响

摘要 盐度梯度发电是一种非常有吸引力的可再生能源系统，因为电力是由两种溶液之间的盐分浓度差产生的，没有任何污染物排放。盐度梯度功率的代表性例子是反向电渗析（RED），其中有许多变量，例如离子交换膜（IEM）、电极、堆叠配置、流路结构、间隔物和溶液浓度。本文重点介绍之前评论文章中未涉及的 IEM 和电极，以及 RED 系统和工厂开发商业化的基础。在IEM部分，分析了需要深入研究的特性，总结了为改善膜性能而进行的研究。此外，比较和分析了主要商用 IEM 和定制膜的特性，并研究了影响膜性能的特性之间的关系。在电极部分，介绍了RED系统中电极部分的主要问题和材料，并总结了近年来与大规模商业化RED系统电极相关的研究。最后，这篇综述提出了使用 RED 系统的盐度梯度功率的未来前景和期望。并总结了近期与大规模商业化RED系统电极相关的研究。最后，这篇综述提出了使用 RED 系统的盐度梯度功率的未来前景和期望。并总结了近期与大规模商业化RED系统电极相关的研究。最后，这篇综述提出了使用 RED 系统的盐度梯度功率的未来前景和期望。