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Sampling procedures and action threshold level of vectors of viruses that cause maize lethal necrosis disease in Kenya
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s42690-020-00150-7 E. S. Namikoye , Z. M. Kinyua , M. Kasina
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s42690-020-00150-7 E. S. Namikoye , Z. M. Kinyua , M. Kasina
Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) has emerged as a major threat to maize production in East Africa. The disease is caused by a co-infection of maize by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) which are respectively vectored by corn thrips, Frakliniella williamsi Hood and corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch. Developing a reliable and practical sampling plan and action threshold for population monitoring of the two vectors is key for implementing a reliable integrated vector management strategy. A study was carried out to determine the sampling regime and action threshold levels for the vectors. Three maize stratas (upper, mid and lower foliage levels), three sampling intervals and five spray regimes using Thunder OD 145 (110 g/L Imidacloprid and 100 g/ L Betacyfluthrin 45 g/L) (were tested. The upper plant strata proved a preferred target for corn thrips ( P < 0.001) while the lower section was preferred by corn leaf aphids during season 2( P = 0.03). Scouting at 8.30 to 10.30 am ( P = 0.04) gave a better estimation of the vector infestation. Corn thrips infestation was significantly lower on maize sprayed on a weekly regime ( P = 0.01). However, maize crop from thunder sprayed plots was MLND negative while the unsprayed maize crop was positive ( P < 0.001). Although the yield from weekly sprayed plots was higher than any other treatments ( P < 0.001), the net returns from monthly sprayed plots was higher. The action threshold level for corn thrips and corn leaf aphids was found to be six and three per plant respectively. These findings provide information on how, when and where to scout and spray for the two vectors. This may eventually lead to minimal wide spread of the virus by the vectors.
中文翻译:
肯尼亚引起玉米致死性坏死病的病毒载体的采样程序和行动阈值水平
玉米致死性坏死病 (MLND) 已成为东非玉米生产的主要威胁。该病是由玉米褪绿斑驳病毒(MCMV)和甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)共同感染玉米引起的,这两种病毒分别以玉米蓟马Fakliniella williamsi Hood和玉米叶蚜虫Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch为载体。制定可靠且实用的抽样计划和行动阈值对两种媒介进行种群监测是实施可靠的综合媒介管理策略的关键。进行了一项研究以确定矢量的采样制度和动作阈值水平。使用 Thunder OD 145(110 g/L 吡虫啉和 100 g/L Betacyfluthrin 45 g/L)的三个玉米层(上、中和下叶层)、三个采样间隔和五个喷雾方案(进行了测试。上层植物层被证明是玉米蓟马的首选目标( P < 0.001),而下层则是第 2 季玉米叶蚜的首选目标( P = 0.03)。在上午 8.30 到 10.30 进行侦察(P = 0.04)可以更好地估计媒介感染。每周喷洒玉米的玉米蓟马感染率显着降低( P = 0.01)。然而,雷喷地块的玉米作物 MLND 呈阴性,而未喷洒的玉米作物呈阳性( P < 0.001)。尽管每周喷洒地块的产量高于任何其他处理( P < 0.001),但每月喷洒地块的净收益更高。发现玉米蓟马和玉米叶蚜的作用阈值水平分别为每株植物 6 和 3。这些发现提供了关于如何、何时以及在何处侦察和喷洒这两种载体的信息。
更新日期:2020-06-17
中文翻译:
肯尼亚引起玉米致死性坏死病的病毒载体的采样程序和行动阈值水平
玉米致死性坏死病 (MLND) 已成为东非玉米生产的主要威胁。该病是由玉米褪绿斑驳病毒(MCMV)和甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)共同感染玉米引起的,这两种病毒分别以玉米蓟马Fakliniella williamsi Hood和玉米叶蚜虫Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch为载体。制定可靠且实用的抽样计划和行动阈值对两种媒介进行种群监测是实施可靠的综合媒介管理策略的关键。进行了一项研究以确定矢量的采样制度和动作阈值水平。使用 Thunder OD 145(110 g/L 吡虫啉和 100 g/L Betacyfluthrin 45 g/L)的三个玉米层(上、中和下叶层)、三个采样间隔和五个喷雾方案(进行了测试。上层植物层被证明是玉米蓟马的首选目标( P < 0.001),而下层则是第 2 季玉米叶蚜的首选目标( P = 0.03)。在上午 8.30 到 10.30 进行侦察(P = 0.04)可以更好地估计媒介感染。每周喷洒玉米的玉米蓟马感染率显着降低( P = 0.01)。然而,雷喷地块的玉米作物 MLND 呈阴性,而未喷洒的玉米作物呈阳性( P < 0.001)。尽管每周喷洒地块的产量高于任何其他处理( P < 0.001),但每月喷洒地块的净收益更高。发现玉米蓟马和玉米叶蚜的作用阈值水平分别为每株植物 6 和 3。这些发现提供了关于如何、何时以及在何处侦察和喷洒这两种载体的信息。