In this paper, we have designed long afterglow luminescent MgGeO₃:Mn²⁺,Yb³⁺,Li⁺ (MGO) nanoparticles in the first (NIR-I) and second (NIR-II) biological windows. Yb³⁺ ions served not only as the trap center to enhance the NIR-I long afterglow emission of Mn²⁺ at 680 nm, but also as an emitting center to produce a NIR-II long afterglow emission at ∼1000 nm. Furthermore, we have found the addition of Li⁺ can greatly increase the NIR-II afterglow emission of Yb³⁺ and the optimal amount of Mn²⁺, Yb³⁺ and Li⁺ was found to be 0.1, 0.5 and 0.5 mol%, respectively. The MGO nanoparticles synthesized using sol–gel methods showed a uniform morphology with a diameter of 50–100 nm, which were suitable for applications in bioimaging. More importantly, we have found MGO nanoparticles can be effectively excited to produce long persistent NIR-I and II luminescence using soft X-rays, suggesting that low dosage soft X-rays can also serve as a more powerful and deep tissue excitation source to recharge MGO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the MGO nanoparticles can also be re-excited to produce photo-stimulated emission under the irradiation of 650 and 808 nm NIR lasers. The in vivo imaging results have shown that MGO nanoparticles modified with folic acid (FA) can effectively realize super long-term targeted in vivo imaging of inflammation with a high sensitivity via recharging using soft X-rays and NIR lasers, which can provide not only an accurate diagnosis of inflammation, but also long-term monitoring of possible changes in the focus of inflammation in real time.

中文翻译：

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X射线在第一和第二生物学窗口中对长余辉发光纳米颗粒MgGeO3：Mn2 +，Yb3 +，Li +进行充电，以进行长期生物成像。

在本文中，我们在第一个（NIR-I）和第二个（NIR-II）生物窗口中设计了长余辉发光MgGeO ₃：Mn 2 ⁺，Yb ³⁺，Li ⁺（MGO）纳米粒子。Yb ³⁺离子不仅充当陷阱中心以增强680 nm处Mn ²⁺的NIR-I长余辉发射，还充当发射中心以产生〜1000 nm的NIR-II长余辉发射。此外，我们发现添加Li ⁺可以大大增加Yb ³⁺的NIR-II余辉发射以及Mn 2 ⁺，Yb ³⁺和Li ⁺的最佳量发现其分别为0.1、0.5和0.5摩尔％。使用溶胶-凝胶法合成的MGO纳米粒子显示出直径为50–100 nm的均匀形态，适用于生物成像。更重要的是，我们发现使用软X射线可以有效地激发MGO纳米粒子以产生长期持续的NIR-I和II发光，这表明低剂量的软X射线还可以作为更强大，更深层的组织激发源进行充电MGO纳米粒子。此外，还可以在650和808 nm NIR激光的照射下，重新激发MGO纳米颗粒以产生光刺激发射。所述体内成像结果表明纳米颗粒MGO叶酸（FA）改性可有效地实现超长期靶向体内通过使用软X射线和NIR激光进行充电，可以高灵敏度地对炎症成像，这不仅可以提供炎症的准确诊断，还可以实时长期监测炎症灶的可能变化。