Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs many years before the first clinical symptoms. Finding more exact, significant, and valuable criteria or indices for the diagnosis of the mild form of Alzheimer's disease is very important for clinical and research purposes. Electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking biomarkers would provide noninvasive tools for the early detection of AD. Due to the advantages of EEG and eye tracking, in this study, we employed them simultaneously to conduct research on the mild AD. For this purpose, 19 patients with mild AD were compared with 19 gender- and age-matched normal subjects who did not have any history of cognitive or neurological disorders. EEG and eye-tracking data were concurrently collected in both groups in a fixation task. Our results revealed that the total fixation duration was significantly shorter for the AD patients, but their fixation frequency was more than that of the controls. In addition, increased theta power and decreased alpha power were observed in the AD group. Interestingly, there was a statistically significant correlation between fixation frequency and alpha power in the parietal area in the control group. However, this connection was not statistically significant in the AD group. The findings also indicated an elevated coherence in the AD patients in the parieto-occipital area. It is assumed that the AD patients might use the neural compensational processes for the fixation state. This study provides evidence for the simultaneously EEG and eye-tracking changes in the areas, which are involved in the control of the fixational eye movements.

中文翻译：

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轻度阿尔茨海默病在固定任务中同时脑电图和眼动追踪特性的研究

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种神经退行性疾病，在出现第一个临床症状之前多年就发生了。为轻度阿尔茨海默病的诊断寻找更准确、重要和有价值的标准或指标对于临床和研究目的非常重要。脑电图 (EEG) 和眼动追踪生物标志物将为 AD 的早期检测提供无创工具。由于脑电图和眼动追踪的优势，在本研究中，我们同时采用它们对轻度 AD 进行研究。为此，将 19 名轻度 AD 患者与 19 名性别和年龄匹配但没有任何认知或神经障碍病史的正常受试者进行了比较。在固定任务中同时收集两组的 EEG 和眼动追踪数据。我们的结果显示，AD 患者的总注视持续时间明显较短，但他们的注视频率高于对照组。此外，在 AD 组中观察到增加的 theta 功率和降低的 alpha 功率。有趣的是，在对照组的顶叶区域，注视频率和 alpha 功率之间存在统计学上显着的相关性。然而，这种联系在 AD 组中没有统计学意义。研究结果还表明 AD 患者顶枕区的一致性升高。假设 AD 患者可能对固定状态使用神经补偿过程。这项研究为这些区域同时发生 EEG 和眼动追踪变化提供了证据，这些区域涉及注视眼球运动的控制。