Communication shapes life on Earth. Transference of information has played a paramount role on the evolution of all living or extinct organisms since the appearance of life. Success or failure in this process will determine the prevalence or disappearance of a certain set of genes, the basis of Darwinian paradigm. Among different molecules used for transmission or reception of information, RNA plays a key role. For instance, the early precursors of life were information molecules based in primitive RNA forms. A growing field of research has focused on the contribution of small non-coding RNA forms due to its role on infectious diseases. These are short RNA species that carry out regulatory tasks in cis or trans. Small RNAs have shown their relevance in fine tuning the expression and activity of important regulators of essential genes for bacteria. Regulation of targets occurs through a plethora of mechanisms, including mRNA stabilization/destabilization, driving target mRNAs to degradation, or direct binding to regulatory proteins. Different studies have been conducted during the interplay of pathogenic bacteria with several hosts, including humans, animals, or plants. The sRNAs help the invader to quickly adapt to the change in environmental conditions when it enters in the host, or passes to a free state. The adaptation is achieved by direct targeting of the pathogen genes, or subversion of the host immune system. Pathogens trigger also an immune response in the host, which has been shown as well to be regulated by a wide range of sRNAs. This review focuses on the most recent host-pathogen interaction studies during bacterial infectious diseases, providing the perspective of the pathogen.

交流影响着地球的生命。自生命出现以来，信息传递对所有生物或已灭绝生物的进化起着至关重要的作用。这个过程的成功或失败将决定某些基因集的流行或消失，这是达尔文范式的基础。在用于传输或接收信息的不同分子中，RNA发挥着关键作用。例如，生命的早期先驱是基于原始RNA形式的信息分子。由于其在传染病中的作用，越来越多的研究领域集中在小型非编码RNA形式的贡献上。这些是短RNA物种，可在顺式 要么 反式。小RNA已经显示出它们在微调细菌必需基因的重要调节子的表达和活性方面的相关性。通过多种机制对靶标进行调节，包括mRNA稳定/去稳定化，驱动靶标mRNA降解或直接与调节蛋白结合。在病原菌与几种宿主（包括人，动物或植物）的相互作用中，进行了不同的研究。当入侵者进入宿主或进入自由状态时，sRNA可以帮助入侵者快速适应环境条件的变化。通过直接靶向病原体基因或破坏宿主免疫系统来实现适应。病原体还触发宿主的免疫反应，免疫反应也已被多种sRNA调节。