Abstract Wetlands are systems of high biological diversity, productivity, and high economic and social importance to mankind. Despite its importance, wetlands are very threatened by human activities. World-wide, wetlands receive international recognition since 1971 by the Ramsar Convention. Guidelines adopted by Brazil to include its wetlands into the Ramsar List require that Ramsar sites are legally protected. This work analyses the main environmental pressures in the inner and surrounding areas of the 19 Brazilian inland Ramsar sites. Results show that wetland habitats are relatively well conserved in the inner areas of the 19 Ramsar sites. The proportion of natural landscape between the surrounding areas of Ramsar sites varies broadly (between 20 % and 99 %). Low anthropic disturbance inside of Ramsar sites suggests that external human pressures have not affected yet core areas of Ramsar sites. Brazilian guidelines to establish Ramsar sites only in protected areas has been very effective in Brazil, despite the many environmental pressures of protected areas, such as invasion by exotic species, tenure, human occupation, exploitation of illegal resources, etc.

中文翻译：

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巴西大陆湿地拉姆萨尔湿地的土地利用

摘要 湿地是具有高度生物多样性和生产力的系统，对人类具有重要的经济和社会意义。尽管湿地很重要，但仍受到人类活动的严重威胁。自 1971 年以来，湿地在全球范围内获得了拉姆萨尔公约的国际认可。巴西通过的将其湿地纳入拉姆萨尔名录的指导方针要求拉姆萨尔湿地受到法律保护。这项工作分析了巴西 19 个内陆拉姆萨尔湿地内部和周边地区的主要环境压力。结果表明，湿地栖息地在19个拉姆萨尔湿地的内部区域得到了较好的保护。拉姆萨尔湿地周边地区的自然景观比例差异很大（在 20% 到 99% 之间）。拉姆萨尔湿地内部人为干扰较低，表明外部人为压力尚未影响湿地湿地的核心区域。尽管保护区面临诸多环境压力，例如外来物种入侵、土地权属、人类占领、非法资源开发等，巴西仅在保护区内建立拉姆萨尔湿地的指导方针在巴西非常有效。