Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the majority, perhaps 80% of patients. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in minimal disease in this initial phase are not well known. In the remaining 20% of cases, the disease may become severe and/or critical. In most patients of this latter group, there is a phase characterized by the hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. A third phase corresponds to a state of hypercoagulability. Finally, in the fourth stage organ injury and failure occur. Appearance of autoinflammatory/autoimmune phenomena in patients with COVID-19 calls attention for the development of new strategies for the management of life-threatening conditions in critically ill patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune cytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome and Kawasaki disease have each been reported in patients with COVID-19. Here we present a scoping review of the relevant immunological findings in COVID-19 as well as the current reports about autoinflammatory/autoimmune conditions associated with the disease. These observations have crucial therapeutic implications since immunomodulatory drugs are at present the most likely best candidates for COVID-19 therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these conditions in patients with COVID-19, and these observations should be considered in the current development of vaccines.

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 被归类为处于重叠阶段的演变。首先，存在一个病毒阶段，大多数（也许是 80%）患者很可能没有症状或症状较轻。在这个初始阶段导致最小疾病的病理生理机制尚不清楚。在其余 20% 的病例中，疾病可能会变得严重和/或危重。在后一组的大多数患者中，存在一个以免疫系统高反应性为特征的阶段。第三阶段对应于高凝状态。最后，在第四阶段出现器官损伤和衰竭。COVID-19 患者出现的自身炎症/自身免疫现象引起了人们对制定新策略的关注，以管理危重患者的危及生命的病情。据报道，COVID-19 患者出现抗磷脂综合征、自身免疫性血细胞减少症、吉兰-巴利综合征和川崎病。在这里，我们对 COVID-19 的相关免疫学发现以及与该疾病相关的自身炎症/自身免疫性疾病的最新报告进行了范围审查。这些观察结果具有重要的治疗意义，因为免疫调节药物目前最有可能是 COVID-19 治疗的最佳候选药物。临床医生应了解 COVID-19 患者的这些情况，并且在当前的疫苗开发中应考虑这些观察结果。