Abstract Dynamic loading events in the longwall faces under slopes in the Shendong Coalfield, China, seriously limit the safety and efficiency of mining. The slope characteristics, such as direction, height, and angle, determine the load type and the stability of the voussoir beam structure (VBS) formed by fractured blocks of the primary key stratum (PKS). Whether or not dynamic loading events will occur can be directly determined based on the presence or absence of a stable VBS in the PKS. Based on this relationship, six structural mechanical VBS models for different load distributions were established and then the effects of the slope direction, height, and angle on the stability of VBS was analysed. Changes of load type intensified the compression force between the hinged blocks. When the compression force between blocks exceeded the strength of the rock, VBS instability and dynamic loading events occurred. The compression force in the VBS increased with increasing slope angle and height when the slope directions were similar, becoming more pronounced for mining under the uphill sections of the slopes. Therefore, a method of determining the critical slope parameter values indicating a risk of dynamic loading was proposed, enabling such slopes to be recognised in advance. Measures such as slope top cutting or backfilling can then be applied to prevent potential dynamic loading accidents. This study can provide guidelines for safe mining under geological conditions involving widespread slopes and gullies.

中文翻译：

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坡下开采过程中瓦索梁结构失稳引起的动力荷载

摘要 神东煤田边坡下长壁工作面动力加载事件严重限制了开采的安全和效率。方向、高度、角度等边坡特征决定了主关键地层（PKS）破碎块体形成的伏索梁结构（VBS）的荷载类型和稳定性。是否会发生动态加载事件可以直接根据PKS中是否存在稳定的VBS来判断。基于此关系，建立了6种不同荷载分布的结构力学VBS模型，分析了坡向、高度、角度对VBS稳定性的影响。载荷类型的变化加剧了铰接块之间的压缩力。当块体之间的压缩力超过岩石的强度时，就会发生 VBS 失稳和动态加载事件。当斜坡方向相似时，VBS 中的压缩力随着斜坡角度和高度的增加而增加，在斜坡上坡段下开采时变得更加明显。因此，提出了一种确定指示动态载荷风险的临界坡度参数值的方法，从而能够提前识别此类坡度。然后可以采取诸如坡顶切割或回填等措施来防止潜在的动态加载事故。该研究可为涉及广泛斜坡和沟壑的地质条件下的安全采矿提供指导。当斜坡方向相似时，VBS 中的压缩力随着斜坡角度和高度的增加而增加，在斜坡上坡段下开采时变得更加明显。因此，提出了一种确定指示动态载荷风险的临界坡度参数值的方法，从而能够提前识别此类坡度。然后可以采取诸如坡顶切割或回填等措施来防止潜在的动态加载事故。该研究可为涉及广泛斜坡和沟壑的地质条件下的安全采矿提供指导。当斜坡方向相似时，VBS 中的压缩力随着斜坡角度和高度的增加而增加，在斜坡上坡段下开采时变得更加明显。因此，提出了一种确定指示动态载荷风险的临界坡度参数值的方法，从而能够提前识别此类坡度。然后可以采取诸如坡顶切割或回填等措施来防止潜在的动态加载事故。该研究可为涉及广泛斜坡和沟壑的地质条件下的安全采矿提供指导。提出了一种确定指示动态载荷风险的临界坡度参数值的方法，从而能够提前识别此类坡度。然后可以采取诸如坡顶切割或回填等措施来防止潜在的动态加载事故。该研究可为涉及广泛斜坡和沟壑的地质条件下的安全采矿提供指导。提出了一种确定指示动态载荷风险的临界坡度参数值的方法，从而能够提前识别此类坡度。然后可以采取诸如坡顶切割或回填等措施来防止潜在的动态加载事故。该研究可为涉及广泛斜坡和沟壑的地质条件下的安全采矿提供指导。