Biomacromolecular hydrogels are consist of 3D networks, which have a tendency to absorb large amount of water without dissolving in aqueous medium. Such inherent feature of the hydrogels facilitates the scientific research interest to a dominating path in extending their potential in various fields. In recent years, development of responsive hydrogels has been observed in various field. Self-healing property of the hydrogel attracts more attention in different areas because this property increases the lifespan of the polymeric material. By keeping all these views in mind, the present review focuses on the classification of biomacromolecular hydrogels, methods and its applications. The polymeric material exhibiting multi-responsive properties such as swelling, pH responsive, mechanically strong, self-healing, flexible plays vital role in different applications. In addition, this review summarizes the classification of hydrogels, based on their chemical and physical state along with the various applications. At the end, a brief outlook also presented the future aspects of the hydrogels.

生物大分子水凝胶由三维网络组成，具有吸收大量水而不溶解于水性介质的倾向。水凝胶的这种固有特性促进了科学研究兴趣在扩展其在各个领域的潜力方面的主导路径。近年来，在各个领域都观察到了响应性水凝胶的发展。水凝胶的自愈特性在不同领域引起了更多关注，因为这种特性增加了聚合物材料的使用寿命。通过牢记所有这些观点，本综述侧重于生物大分子水凝胶的分类、方法及其应用。聚合物材料表现出多种响应特性，例如溶胀、pH 响应、机械强度高、自修复、柔性在不同的应用中起着至关重要的作用。此外，这篇综述总结了水凝胶的分类，基于它们的化学和物理状态以及各种应用。最后，简要展望还介绍了水凝胶的未来方面。