ABSTRACT In a drip-irrigated vineyard soil evaporation (E) can reach up to 30-40% of the seasonal grapevine crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Vineyard soil management can be used as a technique to reduce soil E for improving crop water use efficiency. The aim of this experiment was to analyze the effect of using pruning waste as an organic mulching on vineyard ETc. During three experimental seasons, several cycles of grapevines water use determinations were conducted using a large weighing lysimeter located in Albacete (southeast Spain) under drip irrigation. Measurements were carried out under different soil management practices: i) keeping the bare soil within the lysimeter during the first 2-3 days (bare soil), ii) covering the lysimeter soil surface with pruning waste as an organic mulching (about 5 cm thick) for the next 2-3 days (organic mulch), and iii) covering the lysimeter with a waterproof canvas (plastic mulch), similar in colour to the soil, for the last 2-3 days of each measurement cycle. In 2017, the measurements period was initiated when midday stem water potential (Ψstem) values reached -1.3 MPa, in order to study the effect of the different soil management on grapevine ETc when vines in the lysimeter were suffering from severe water stress. During the 3-year study, plant determinations (i.e., canopy cover and the phenological stage) showed that vines were at the same stage of development during each period of measurements. Under equal evaporative demand and fractional canopy cover, results showed a reduction in the vineyard ETc between 16-18% with the organic mulching, and up to 24-30% with the plastic mulching. Even though plastic mulches significantly reduced water evaporation from soil surface, this reduction could have resulted in an increase in crop transpiration (T). However, results in this experiment show that both organic and inorganic mulching did not increase vine T compared to no mulching conditions, based on vine T values estimated during the three experimental periods of 2015. Therefore, using pruning waste as an organic mulch could be an environmental friendly alternative to reduce soil evaporation and increase crop water productivity in large areas where vineyards are drip-irrigated.

中文翻译：

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半干旱气候下修剪废料作为有机覆盖物对滴灌葡萄园蒸发蒸腾的影响

摘要 在滴灌葡萄园中，土壤蒸发量 (E) 可达到季节性葡萄作物蒸散量 (ETc) 的 30-40%。葡萄园土壤管理可用作减少土壤 E 以提高作物水分利用效率的技术。本实验的目的是分析使用修剪废料作为有机覆盖物对葡萄园 ETc 的影响。在三个实验季节期间，使用位于阿尔巴塞特（西班牙东南部）的大型称重蒸渗仪在滴灌下进行了葡萄藤用水测定的几个循环。测量是在不同的土壤管理实践下进行的：i) 在前 2-3 天（裸土）内将裸土保持在渗滤器内，ii) 用修剪废料作为有机覆盖物（约 5 厘米厚）覆盖渗滤器土壤表面）接下来的 2-3 天（有机覆盖物），iii) 在每个测量周期的最后 2-3 天，用与土壤颜色相似的防水帆布（塑料覆盖物）覆盖蒸渗仪。2017年，当中午茎水势（Ψ茎）值达到-1.3 MPa时开始测量，以研究当蒸渗仪中的葡萄藤遭受严重水分胁迫时，不同土壤管理对葡萄树ETc的影响。在为期 3 年的研究中，植物测定（即树冠盖度和物候阶段）表明，在每个测量期间，葡萄藤都处于同一发育阶段。在相同的蒸发需求和部分树冠覆盖下，结果表明，有机覆盖使葡萄园 ETc 减少了 16-18%，而使用塑料覆盖减少了 24-30%。尽管塑料覆盖物显着减少了土壤表面的水分蒸发，但这种减少可能导致作物蒸腾作用 (T) 增加。然而，该实验的结果表明，根据 2015 年三个实验期间估计的藤蔓 T 值，与无覆盖条件相比，有机和无机覆盖并没有增加藤蔓 T。因此，使用修剪废料作为有机覆盖物可能是一种在葡萄园采用滴灌灌溉的大面积地区，一种环境友好的替代方案，可减少土壤蒸发并提高作物水分生产力。