CaZrO₃ mono-phase and (1-x)CaZrO₃-xCaTiO₃ composite systems, where x = 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3, were synthesized by a conventional solid-state method. XRD patterns of the synthesized composites reveal the formation of both phases, and no secondary phase was detected. The analysis of the internal stress in the composites systems by the William-Hall equation indicates that tensile stress is applied to the CaZrO₃ grains, while compressive stress is applied to CaTiO₃ grains. TEM analyses show that the CaTiO₃ grain is surrounded by CaZrO₃ grains, confirming the presence of the CaZrO₃/CaTiO₃ hetero-interfaces and confirming the results obtained by the William-Hall equation. Impedance spectra were well modelled by introducing electrical equivalent circuits. The obtained results show that the incorporation of the CaTiO₃ phase favors the ionic conductivity in the composite and that the 0.75CaZrO₃-0.25CaTiO₃ composite exhibits the highest oxide ion conductivity among all the samples, where its total conductivity value is about 1.23 × 10⁻⁴ s cm⁻¹ at 500 °C, which is higher than that of the CZO mono-phase (1.01 × 10⁻⁶ s cm⁻¹ at 500 °C), and than that of the CTO mono-phase (2.1 × 10⁻⁷s cm⁻¹ at 500 °C). The conductivity enhancement was explained based on the variation of the hetero-interface CaZrO₃/CaTiO₃ surface area. Furthermore, the frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant (\( {\varepsilon}_r^{\prime } \)) and dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) were investigated in detail and the dielectric response improvement was attributed to the improvement of the space charge polarization in the hetero-interfaces.

通过常规的固态方法合成x＝0.2、0.25和0.3的CaZrO ₃单相和（1-x）CaZrO ₃ -xCaTiO ₃复合系统。合成复合材料的XRD图谱显示了两个相的形成，并且未检测到次生相。通过William-Hall方程对复合材料系统内应力的分析表明，拉伸应力作用于CaZrO ₃晶粒，而压应力作用于CaTiO ₃晶粒。TEM分析表明，CaTiO ₃晶粒被CaZrO ₃晶粒包围，证实了CaZrO ₃ / CaTiO ₃的存在。异质界面并确认通过William-Hall方程获得的结果。通过引入等效电路对阻抗谱进行了很好的建模。所得结果表明，CaTiO ₃相的引入有利于复合材料的离子电导率，而0.75CaZrO ₃ -0.25CaTiO ₃复合材料在所有样品中均表现出最高的氧化物离子电导率，其总电导率值为1.23× 在500°C时为10 ^-4 s cm ^-1，高于CZO单相（在500°C时为1.01×10 ^-6  s cm ^-1），并且高于CTO单相（2.1 ×10 ^-7 s厘米^-1在500°C）。基于异质界面CaZrO ₃ / CaTiO ₃表面积的变化来说明电导率的提高。此外，详细研究了介电常数（\（{\ varepsilon} _r ^ {\\ prime} \）和介电损耗角正切（tanδ）的频率和温度依赖性，介电响应的改善归因于空间的改善异质界面中的电荷极化。