Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae), is one of the most important pests of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Iran. In the present study, the lethal and sublethal effects of commercial formulations of acetamiprid, clothianidin, diflubenzuron, Eforia® (thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin), and fenitrothion on O. lybicus were examined. The concentrations of tested insecticides were predetermined by concentration-setting experiments based on a logarithmic scale. Stock solutions of the compounds were prepared by diluting the stock solution in Triton X-100 (0.1%) in distilled water. Triton X-100 (0.1%) in distilled water was used as control. Among insecticides tested, Eforia and fenitrothion were the more toxic to O. lybicus adults with the LC50s of 7.2 and 9.4 mg/L. The sublethal effects of Eforia were assessed by treating O. lybicus adults with the LC10 (3.7 mg/L), LC30 (4.8 mg/L), and LC50 (7.2 mg/L). The significant differences were not found for nymphal development and fecundity in LC10 concentration (73.51 d and 86.24 eggs/female, respectively) compared to control (73.78 d and 84.52 eggs/female, respectively). However, a significant reduction in survival and growth rate was observed in this concentration. The longevity and fecundity of females exposed to LC30 and LC50 concentrations were reduced. At LC30 and LC50 concentrations, Eforia prolonged the developmental duration (80.91 and 84.08 d, respectively) and decreased the survival rate (54.3 and 33.7%, respectively) of immature stages of O. lybicus. Furthermore, the quantity of food assimilated by O. lybicus on the date palm was significantly reduced at the LC30 and LC50 concentrations (1.67 and 1.34 mg, respectively). Altogether, these results indicate that Eforia could be useful for the management of O. lybicus population in Iran.

中文翻译：

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Eforia 对 Ommatissus lybicus（半翅目：Tropiduchidae）的繁殖、发育和摄食行为的致死和亚致死作用

Dubas bug，Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin（半翅目：Tropiduchidae），是伊朗枣椰树（Phoenix dactylifera L.）最重要的害虫之一。在本研究中，检查了啶虫脒、噻虫胺、除虫脲、Eforia®（噻虫嗪 + λ-三氯氟氰菊酯）和杀螟虫的商业制剂对 O.lybicus 的致死和亚致死作用。测试杀虫剂的浓度通过基于对数刻度的浓度设定实验预先确定。通过在蒸馏水中稀释 Triton X-100 (0.1%) 中的储备溶液来制备化合物的储备溶液。蒸馏水中的 Triton X-100 (0.1%) 用作对照。在测试的杀虫剂中，Eforia 和杀螟虫对 O. lybicus 成虫的毒性更大，LC50 为 7.2 和 9.4 mg/L。Eforia 的亚致死作用通过用 LC10 (3.7 mg/L)、LC30 (4.8 mg/L) 和 LC50 (7.2 mg/L) 治疗 O.lybicus 成人来评估。与对照（分别为 73.78 天和 84.52 个卵/雌性）相比，LC10 浓度（分别为 73.51 天和 86.24 个卵/雌性）的若虫发育和繁殖力未发现显着差异。然而，在该浓度下观察到存活率和生长率显着降低。暴露于 LC30 和 LC50 浓度的雌性的寿命和繁殖力降低。在 LC30 和 LC50 浓度下，Eforia 延长了 O.lybicus 未成熟阶段的发育持续时间（分别为 80.91 和 84.08 天）并降低了存活率（分别为 54.3 和 33.7%）。此外，O 吸收的食物量。在 LC30 和 LC50 浓度（分别为 1.67 和 1.34 毫克）下，枣椰树上的 lybicus 显着减少。总之，这些结果表明 Eforia 可用于管理伊朗的 O. lybicus 种群。