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The hydrological function of a large chain-of-ponds: a wetland system with intermittent surface flows
Aquatic Sciences ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s00027-020-00735-x
Rory T. Williams , Kirstie A. Fryirs , Grant C. Hose

Like many wetlands globally, the Mulwaree River chain-of-ponds system exists in two dichotomous states characterised by the presence or absence of surface flow connecting large, deep, permanently inundated ponds. We develop a conceptual model of hydrological function of this chain-of-ponds system combining surface and subsurface water levels, 2 H and 18 O stable isotopes and 222 Rn as a groundwater tracer over a period of time that incorporated extended dry periods and large rainfall events. During high-flow or flood events, ponds are connected by flow along connecting channels and preferential flow paths. The water column is fully mixed to depths of up to 7 m. During high-flow, water level in the ponds can be greater than the water level in the surrounding floodplain aquifer, producing a hydraulic gradient away from the ponds, reflecting a losing wetland system. During no-flow periods, connecting channels and preferential flow paths are dry. A thermocline develops within the ponds and surface waters become enriched in 2 H and 18 O with evaporation losses. During periods of no-flow, increases in water level beyond atmospheric flux often occur during winter. Only small groundwater inflows enter the ponds from the floodplain aquifer. The hydrological function of this chain-of-ponds system is delicately balanced making it potentially sensitive to changes in climate that alter rainfall and evaporation rates, and any local-scale groundwater interference activities. Efforts to conserve and protect this system, and the aquatic ecosystems it supports, will be critical into the future.

中文翻译:

大型池塘链的水文功能:具有间歇性地表流的湿地系统

与全球许多湿地一样,穆尔瓦里河的池塘链系统存在两种二分状态,其特征是是否存在连接大型、深水、永久淹没池塘的地表水流。我们开发了这个池塘链系统的水文功能概念模型,该模型结合了地表和地下水位、2 H 和 18 O 稳定同位素以及 222 Rn 作为地下水示踪剂,包括长时间的干旱期和大雨事件。在高流量或洪水事件期间,池塘通过沿连接通道和优先流动路径的流动连接。水柱充分混合,深度可达 7 m。在高流量期间,池塘中的水位可能高于周围泛滥平原含水层中的水位,从而产生远离池塘的水力梯度,反映了一个正在失去的湿地系统。在无流量期间,连接通道和优先流动路径是干燥的。池塘内形成温跃层,地表水因蒸发损失而富含 2 H 和 18 O。在无流量期间,冬季经常发生水位升高超过大气通量的情况。只有少量地下水从漫滩含水层流入池塘。这个池塘链系统的水文功能是微妙的平衡,使其可能对改变降雨和蒸发率的气候变化以及任何局部规模的地下水干扰活动敏感。保护和保护这个系统及其支持的水生生态系统的努力对未来至关重要。池塘内形成温跃层,地表水因蒸发损失而富含 2 H 和 18 O。在无流量期间,冬季经常发生水位升高超过大气通量的情况。只有少量地下水从漫滩含水层流入池塘。这个池塘链系统的水文功能是微妙的平衡,使其可能对改变降雨和蒸发率的气候变化以及任何局部规模的地下水干扰活动敏感。保护和保护这个系统及其支持的水生生态系统的努力对未来至关重要。池塘内形成温跃层,地表水因蒸发损失而富含 2 H 和 18 O。在无流量期间,冬季经常发生水位升高超过大气通量的情况。只有少量地下水从漫滩含水层流入池塘。这个池塘链系统的水文功能是微妙的平衡,使其可能对改变降雨和蒸发率的气候变化以及任何局部规模的地下水干扰活动敏感。保护和保护这个系统及其支持的水生生态系统的努力对未来至关重要。水位升高超过大气通量的情况经常发生在冬季。只有少量地下水从漫滩含水层流入池塘。这个池塘链系统的水文功能是微妙的平衡,使其可能对改变降雨和蒸发率的气候变化以及任何局部规模的地下水干扰活动敏感。保护和保护这个系统及其支持的水生生态系统的努力对未来至关重要。水位升高超过大气通量的情况经常发生在冬季。只有少量地下水从漫滩含水层流入池塘。这个池塘链系统的水文功能是微妙的平衡,使其可能对改变降雨和蒸发率的气候变化以及任何局部规模的地下水干扰活动敏感。保护和保护这个系统及其支持的水生生态系统的努力对未来至关重要。
更新日期:2020-06-16
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