The increasing demand for energy makes it difficult to replace fossil fuels with low-carbon energy sources in the short term, and the large amount of CO2 emitted by fossil fuel combustion increases global warming. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies for reducing CO2 emissions in power plants and industrial processes have been developed. High costs and security issues limit industrial applications of these technologies, so an alternative for carbon reduction is needed, i.e., CO2 as a working fluid for coupled carbon storage and geothermal extraction in an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). We describe the status of global carbon emissions, CCS technologies, and their challenges. The characteristics of CO2 as a working fluid are compared from thermophysical and thermodynamic perspectives, and the solubility of CO2 in reservoir fluids with different ionic strengths, pressures, and temperatures is analyzed. The influence of artificial stimulation on the permeability of an EGS reservoir is described. Through heat extraction experiment of water alternating supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) cycle injection, the effects of CO2–fluid–rock interactions on the reservoir’s structure and of mineral dissolution and precipitation on geological CO2 storage are analyzed. We summarize the application prospects for this alternative and the challenges of future application.

中文翻译：

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在CO ₂增强的地热系统中碳储存和地热萃取耦合的潜力：综述

能源需求的增长使得短期内难以用低碳能源替代化石燃料，而化石燃料燃烧所排放的大量CO2加剧了全球变暖。已经开发出用于减少发电厂和工业过程中二氧化碳排放量的碳捕集与封存（CCS）技术。高成本和安全问题限制了这些技术在工业上的应用，因此需要一种减少碳排放的替代方法，即，将二氧化碳作为一种工作流体，用于增强地热系统（EGS）中的碳储存和地热提取耦合。我们描述了全球碳排放的现状，CCS技术及其挑战。从热物理和热力学的角度比较了作为工作流体的二氧化碳的特性，并分析了不同离子强度，压力和温度下二氧化碳在储层流体中的溶解度。描述了人工增产对EGS储层渗透率的影响。通过交替注水超临界CO2（SCCO2）循环注热实验，分析了CO2 –流体–岩石相互作用对储层结构的影响以及矿物溶解和沉淀对地质CO2储存的影响。我们总结了这种替代方法的应用前景以及未来应用的挑战。分析了CO2 –流体–岩石相互作用对储层结构的影响以及矿物溶解和降水对地质CO2储存的影响。我们总结了这种替代方法的应用前景以及未来应用的挑战。分析了CO2 –流体–岩石相互作用对储层结构的影响以及矿物溶解和降水对地质CO2储存的影响。我们总结了这种替代方法的应用前景以及未来应用的挑战。