Abstract Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 is an important biocontrol agent, both in conventional and organic production systems. It can be used in association with other control strategies, such as natural botanical products and biological insecticides. Studies of selectivity and side effects are fundamental for proper management of insect control strategies because the interaction between different control strategies may negatively affect T. podisi. In this context, the present study evaluated the side effects of commercial natural products on T. podisi under laboratory conditions. Five natural products (insecticide, fungicide, and leaf fertilizer) allowed in organic farming were evaluated at concentrations recommended by the manufacturer in three bioassays. First bioassay (free-choice test), the preference of T. podisi parasitism between treated and non-treated E. heros eggs was assessed. In the second and third bioassay (no-choice tests) the treatments were applied to E. heros eggs, repectively before and after T. podisi parasitism (pre- and post-parasitism) and parasitism, emergence, offspring sex ratio, developmental time, and adult longevity were assessed. The products formulated with Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (Hypocreales), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Hypocreales), orange oil fertilizer, and the fungicide copper oxychloride did not have side effects on T. podisi because they did not affect most of the evaluated characteristics. In contrast, azadirachtin A/B had a sublethal effect due to the reduced parasitism in all tests performed and, although it did not affect other aspects, this could compromise the performance of the parasitoid.

中文翻译：

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有机产品对 Telenomus podisi（膜翅目：Platygastridae）的副作用

摘要 Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 是一种重要的生物防治剂，在常规和有机生产系统中都是如此。它可以与其他控制策略结合使用，例如天然植物产品和生物杀虫剂。选择性和副作用的研究是正确管理昆虫控制策略的基础，因为不同控制策略之间的相互作用可能会对 T. podisi 产生负面影响。在这种情况下，本研究评估了商业天然产品在实验室条件下对 T. podisi 的副作用。有机农业中允许使用的五种天然产品（杀虫剂、杀真菌剂和叶肥）按照制造商推荐的浓度在三项生物测定中进行了评估。第一次生物测定（自由选择试验），T 的偏好。评估了处理和未处理的 E. heros 卵之间的 podisi 寄生。在第二次和第三次生物测定（无选择试验）中，分别在 T. podisi 寄生（寄生前和寄生后）和寄生之前和之后对 E. heros 卵进行处理，出现，后代性别比，发育时间，和成人寿命进行了评估。该产品采用绿僵菌 (Metsch.) Sorok 配制。(Hypocreales), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill。(Hypocreales)、橙油肥料和杀菌剂氯氧化铜对 T. podisi 没有副作用，因为它们不影响大多数评估特性。相比之下，印楝素 A/B 具有亚致死作用，因为在进行的所有测试中都减少了寄生性，尽管它没有影响其他方面，